lipophilicity

Salcaprozate sodium (SNAC), an oral absorption promoter, enhances passive transcellular permeation through small intestinal epithelia, making it a potent delivery agent for oral heparin and insulin by increasing lipophilicity via non-covalent macromolecule complexation.

Z-Glycine (Carbobenzoxyglycine) is a drug-lipid conjugates designed to promote brain penetration based on its lipophilicity and resemblance to lipids in biological membranes[1].

Isostearyl alcohol is a long-chain alcohol compound with excellent lubricity and lipophilicity, and is used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

2-Diethylamino-3'-benzyloxyacetanilide is an organic compound classified as an acetanilide derivative. 2-Diethylamino-3'-benzyloxyacetanilide may exhibit biological activity and is often used in organic synthesis, pharmaceutical chemistry, or biomedical research. Its lipophilicity and basicity may influence its solubility, metabolic properties, and pharmacological effects, making it potentially useful in the development of local anesthetics or related drugs.

Me4Phen (compound 3) is an oxorhenium (V) complex that disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential and increases intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated cancer cell necrosis (necrosis). With high lipophilicity, Me4Phen effectively overcomes Cisplatin resistance in various cancer cells.

NBI-30545 is a potent corticotropin-releasing factor-1 antagonist with sufficient lipophilicity and water solubility for the treatment of stress disorders.

Cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of arachidonic acid from thesn-2-ester position of membrane phospholipids, playing a central role in initiating the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, both important mediators of the inflammatory process.1CAY10641 is an inactive alcohol derivative of a highly potent (IC50= 12 nM) cPLA2α inhibitor.2The parent compound demonstrates strong anti-inflammatory effects when applied topically at a dose of 0.1 mg/ear in a mouse model of acute irritant contact dermatitis.2CAY10641 is rapidly cleared from the blood stream (only 0.5 μg/ml remains 30 minutes after 10 mg/kg intravenous administration to mice).2However, no other biological effects have been reported. 1.Schaloske, R.H., and Dennis, E.A.The phospholipase A2 superfamily and its group numbering systemBiochemica et Biophysica Acta17611246-1259(2006) 2.Drews, A., Bovens, S., Roebrock, K., et al.1-(5-carboxyindol-1-yl)propan-2-one inhibitors of human cytosolic phospholipase A2α with reduced lipophilicity: Synthesis, biological activity, metabolic stability, solubility, bioavailability, and topical in vivo activityJournal of Medicinal Chemistry535165-5178(2010)

BuChE-IN-4 is a potent inhibitor of BuChE (IC50: 7.7 nM) and exhibits mild antioxidant capacity, non-toxicity, lipophilicity and neuroprotective effects.

AZD6642 is a potential and selective 5-Lipoxygenase activating Protein (FLAP) inhibitor. AZD6642 shows high specific potency and low lipophilicity resulting in a selective and metabolically stable profile. Based on initial PK PD relations a low dose to human was predicted.

Trandolaprilate hydrate, the main bioactive metabolite of Trandolapril and a potent angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, exhibits high lipophilicity and partially inhibits angiotensin-I-mediated c-fos induction.

Omega-3 Arachidonic Acid ethyl ester, a rare polyunsaturated fatty acid with limited presence in dietary sources, is crucial for infant growth and development and offers protection against heart disease, blood clots, high blood pressure, and inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. In human platelet membranes, it impedes arachidonyl-CoA synthetase, exhibiting a Ki of 14 μM, and shows similar inhibitory effects on arachidonoyl-CoA synthetase in calf brain extract with an IC50 of roughly 5 μM. The ethyl arachidonate derivative offers enhanced lipophilicity compared to its free acid counterpart.

Anticancer agent 162 (compound 1d) is a potent theranostic agent that selectively induces oncosis in Hela cells, exhibiting pronounced lipophilicity and cytotoxicity [1].

AMCPy, a potent electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) brain imaging agent, boasts excellent lipophilicity, facilitating its penetration through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) [1].

AZ760 is a CCR8 antagonist that demonstrates excellent potency, good lipophilicity, and a high free fraction in blood, but exhibits unacceptable hERG inhibition [1].

Sp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS is a membrane-permeable PKG activator and an inhibitor of the membrane-permeable retinal cGMP-gated ion channels (cGMP-gated ion channel). It also serves as an activator for cGMP-dependent protein kinase I α and β. Resistant to mammalian cyclic nucleotide-dependent phosphodiesterases, Sp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS does not undergo metabolic side effects and exhibits stronger lipophilicity and permeability compared to Sp-8-pCPT-cGMPS. This compound is useful for investigating the role of the cGMP signaling pathway in the nervous system.

Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS is a competitive inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG) with a Ki of 0.5 μM. This compound exhibits increased lipophilicity, allowing it to penetrate cell membranes more readily and achieve sufficient intracellular concentrations to inhibit PKG. Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS is useful for researching the activity and function of PKG in platelets.

Span-85 (Sorbitan trioleate) is a synthetic non-ionic emulsifier, which is prepared by partial esterification of sorbitol or sorbitan with food grade palmitic acid. It has low viscosity and the smallest HLB value, so it has the strongest lipophilicity. It is an excellent water-in-oil (w/O) emulsifier and an O/w type auxiliary emulsifier.

N-Carbobenzyloxyglycine-d2 is a deuterated compound of N-Carbobenzyloxyglycine. N-Carbobenzyloxyglycine has a CAS number of 1138-80-3. Z-Glycine (Carbobenzoxyglycine) is a drug-lipid conjugates designed to promote brain penetration based on its lipophilicity and resemblance to lipids in biological membranes[1].

Eicosapentaenoyl Chloride (Eicosapentaenoic acid Chloride; EPA Chloride) is a derivative of eicosapentaenoic acid. It has been utilized in the synthesis of fatty acid conjugates to improve the lipophilicity and cellular permeability of bioactive compounds such as (–)-epigallocatechin gallate and salicylic acid.

HFPB (Compound 2) is a cation exchange agent characterized by high lipophilicity and acid resistance, making it suitable for research in membrane electrodes.

Deuteroporphyrin IX (dihydrochloride) is a photosensitizer known for its high lipophilicity and amphiphilicity, which enables it to impart photosensitivity to cell membrane systems. Additionally, Deuteroporphyrin IX (dihydrochloride) can induce irreversible discharge elimination in individual neurons.

2,3,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzoyl chloride is a fluorinated organic compound that falls under the category of benzoyl chlorides. It appears as a colorless liquid with a pungent odor and is primarily utilized as an intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals and agrochemical compounds. Serving as an acylating agent, it can react with a wide range of nucleophiles, such as amines, alcohols, and thiols, to form amides, esters, or thioesters, respectively. Its unique fluorinated structure can impart desired characteristics to target molecules, such as enhanced lipophilicity or increased resistance to metabolic degradation. However, due to its high reactivity and potential health hazards, appropriate safety measures and handling procedures are essential when using this compound.