imbalance

GW590735 is an effective and selective PPARα agonist with an EC50 of 4 nM on PPARα and at least 500-fold selectivity versus PPARδ and PPARγ. GW590735 can be used in dyslipidemia studies.

L-Carnitine (L(-)-Carnitine) is an amino acid derivative. L-Carnitine facilitates long-chain fatty acid entry into mitochondria, delivering substrate for oxidation and subsequent energy production. Fatty acids are utilized as an energy substrate in all tissues except the brain.

HPN-01 (IKK inhibitor XII) is a selective IKK inhibitor that inhibits IKK-α, IKK-β, and IKK-ε. HPN-01 reduces the severity of the disease, attenuates the immune imbalance, and prolongs the lifespan of mice in a model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and can be used to study immune disorders.

Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0), a potent, orally active ubiquinone compound derived from Antrodia cinnamomea, induces apoptosis and autophagy. It suppresses HER-2/AKT/mTOR signaling, enhancing apoptosis and autophagy mechanisms. Additionally, Coenzyme Q0 regulates NFκB/AP-1 activation and promotes Nrf2 stabilization, contributing to the attenuation of inflammation and redox imbalance. It also exhibits anti-angiogenic activity by downregulating MMP-9/NF-κB and upregulating HO-1 signaling.

Terbuthylazine is a triazine herbicide and a selective acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, toxic to aquatic organisms, and capable of disrupting gut microbiota. Terbuthylazine induces significant damage to the jejunal barrier and mitochondrial quality control imbalance.

Piretanide, an orally active loop diuretic, is recognized as a relatively safe and effective pharmacological agent with notable diuretic capacity. Piretanide exhibits potential for research in the treatment of congestive heart failure, with a distinct advantage due to its potassium-sparing properties that may reduce electrolyte imbalance. Piretanide can also be applied within experimental frameworks directed at the study of hypertension, further supporting its utility in cardiovascular research models.

Antifungalagent 117 is a bipyrrole carboxamide derivative with antifungal activity, exhibiting an EC50 value of 11.58 mg/L against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. This compound induces cell death by increasing cell membrane permeability, causing an imbalance in osmotic pressure between the interior and exterior of the cell. It also promotes oxidative damage to the cell membrane by inducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the leakage of cellular contents. RNA sequencing analysis has demonstrated that Antifungalagent 117 disrupts cell membrane structure by downregulating catalase genes and upregulating neutral ceramidase genes, accelerating ceramide metabolism and hastening cell death. The compound holds significant potential for application in plant protection and the control of fungal infections.

L-acetyl-leucine is used to treat imbalance and dizziness associated with vestibular disorders.

ErSO-TFPy activates the sodium ion channel TRPM4, resulting in an imbalance of intracellular calcium and sodium ions. It exhibits low nanomolar-level cytotoxicity (IC50 = 5-25 nM) by inducing necrosis in ERα+ breast cancer cell lines. Additionally, ErSO-TFPy shows antitumor activity in mouse models.

NSCLC-IN-1 (Compound A10-2) targets transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing 6 (TMBIM6) to induce mitophagy and ferroptosis. It causes mitochondrial Ca2+ imbalance, resulting in mitochondrial damage. Additionally, NSCLC-IN-1 reduces intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels while increasing the accumulation of lipid peroxides (LPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA). NSCLC-IN-1 is a potent anti-NSCLC compound.

MAO-A-IN-2 (Compound 4l) is a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) with an IC50 value of 0.4 μM. This compound reduces the degradation of monoamine neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and norepinephrine. MAO-A-IN-2 holds potential for research in neurological disorders related to monoamine neurotransmitter imbalance, including depression and anxiety.

β-Amyloid (1-42), human, Ala(13C3,15N) TFA is a β-Amyloid (1-42), human marked with 13C and 15N. This unprocessed HFIP peptide comprises 42 amino acids and is a brain-permeable amyloid fragment, useful for researching Alzheimer's and Down syndrome. In monomer form, β-Amyloid (1-42), human provides antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Upon HFIP monomerization and DMSO solvent preparation, it forms soluble oligomers (AβOs) at 4°C, which exhibit synaptotoxicity and neurotoxicity, while at 37°C it forms insoluble fibrils with lower neurotoxicity, involved in oxidative damage. Aβ42 oligomers interact with neuronal surface receptors such as PrPc, mGluR5, and NMDA receptor, activating signaling pathways that induce oxidative stress, calcium imbalance, synaptotoxicity, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death.

(E)-Guggulsterone is an isomer of guggulsterone. As an FXR antagonist, it reduces blood lipids, induces heme oxygenase-1 expression, blocks DENV NS2B/3B activity, and inhibits DENV replication.

Mead acid is an unsaturated fatty acid belonging to the Omega-9 series that is biochemically characterized as a marker of essential fatty acid deficiency, Mead acid accumulation in biological tissues is commonly used as an indicator of altered lipid metabolism, nutritional imbalance, and disrupted fatty acid homeostasis in both clinical and experimental research settings.

(+)-Magnoflorine (Thalictrin) has sedative and anxiolytic effects, probably mediated by Magnoflorine through a GABAergic mechanism of action. Magnoflorine and Sinomenine have protective effects, are mediated by some mechanism other than prevention of micelle formation or protection of the erythrocyte membrane against osmotic imbalance.

JTP-4819 is a potent and selective prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) inhibitor with potential for treating Alzheimer's disease. At nanomolar concentrations, it inhibited the degradation of substance P, arginine-vasopressin, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone by PEP in supernatants of the rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Repeated administration of JTP-4819 reversed the aging-induced decrease in brain substance P-like and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-like immunoreactivity, suggesting it may improve the imbalance of peptidergic neuronal systems that develops with senescence by inhibiting PEP activity. Additionally, JTP-4819 increased acetylcholine release from the frontal cortex and hippocampus, regions closely associated with memory, in both young and aged rats.

Maysin, a neuroprotective C-glycosyl-flavone isolated from corn silk, protects against Syn amyloid aggregates-oligomers and fibrils-induced damage by preventing oxidative stress and intracellular calcium imbalance through autophagic activation. It is utilized in Parkinson's disease (PD) research [1].

BKN-1, a bifunctional ligand, facilitates the tracking of mtG4s (G-quadruplexes, four-stranded DNA structures containing Hoogsteen bonds) formation via far-red emission and can induce mitochondrial dysfunction. This compound exhibits anti-tumor properties, potentially causing mtDNA loss, damaging mitochondrial integrity, reducing ATP levels, and triggering ROS imbalance, which can lead to apoptosis and autophagy [1].

REM127 is a small molecular compound that modulates cellular calcium homeostasis and provides neuroprotection. It efficiently restores the imbalance of calcium homeostasis in cell models caused by the pathological accumulation of tau protein. Furthermore, REM127 can effectively cross the blood-brain barrier and offers therapeutic benefits in animal models of Alzheimer's disease, particularly in ameliorating synaptic and cognitive deficits and slowing the progression of amyloid-beta and tau pathologies. This compound is utilized in the research of neurodegenerative diseases.

Compound Ru2 (Antitumor photosensitizer-6) exhibits synergistic type I/II photosensitization and photocatalytic activities under illumination at 595 nm. It causes oxidative redox imbalance within cells, affecting biosynthesis and metabolic processes, leading to cell apoptosis (Apoptosis). Compound Ru2 is applicable in studies of photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Terbuthylazine (Standard) is the standard substance of Terbuthylazine, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Terbuthylazine is a triazine herbicide and a selective acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, toxic to aquatic organisms, and capable of disrupting gut microbiota. Terbuthylazine induces significant damage to the jejunal barrier and mitochondrial quality control imbalance.