il-2 synthesis

NFAT Transcription Factor Regulator-1 is a synthesis inhibitor of IL-2 with an IC50 of 182 nM.

Oxidopamine hydrobromide (6-OHDA hydrobromide) is a widely used neurotoxin and an antagonist of the neurotransmitter dopamine. It selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons, promotes COX-2 activation, induces PGE2 synthesis, and stimulates the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. It is commonly used to establish animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Methylthiouracil is a thiourea-class antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormones and is commonly used to treat hyperthyroidism. Studies have shown that Methylthiouracil can also suppress the production of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as inhibit the activation of NF-κB and ERK1/2. It can be used to induce hyperlipidemia and neurological disorder models.

Triamcinolone (Aristocort) is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. Upon cell entry, triamcinolone binds to and activates the glucocorticoid receptor, which leads to translocation of the ligand-receptor complex to the nucleus and induces expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes such as lipocortins. Lipocortins inhibit phospholipase A2, thereby blocking the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids and preventing the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, both mediators of inflammation. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, including interleukin (IL)-1and IL-6, and the activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes is also inhibited. T-cells are prevented from making IL-2 and proliferating. This agent also decreases the number of circulating lymphocytes, induces cell differentiation, and stimulates apoptosis through increasing Ikappa-B expression and curtailing activation of nuclear factor (NF)kappa-B.

Oxidopamine hydrochloride (6-Hydroxydopamine hydrochloride) is a widely used neurotoxin and an antagonist of the neurotransmitter dopamine. It selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons, promotes COX-2 activation, induces PGE2 synthesis, and stimulates the secretion of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. It is commonly used to establish animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Nexinhib20 is an inhibitor of exosome synthesis and transport with anti-inflammatory activity, inhibits RAB27A and neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) nsMase2, inhibits IL-8-induced β(2) integrin-dependent adhesion of human neutrophils in the subfluidic phase, and inhibits neutrophil adhesion and β(2) integrin activation through antagonism of the rac-1-guanosine 5'-triphosphate interaction. beta(2) integrin activation.

(±)-γ-Tocopherol is a form of vitamin E with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It traps and detoxifies reactive nitrogen oxide species, including nitrogen dioxide, in cell-free assays. It also reduces the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induced by LPS in RAW 264.7 macrophages and by IL-1β in A549 cells. (±)-γ-Tocopherol inhibits LPS-induced nitrite release and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in RAW 264.7 cells and reduces COX-2 activity in A549 cells pretreated with IL-1β. Serum levels of (±)-γ-tocopherol are decreased in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Lck Inhibitor III, a potent inhibitor of Lck, exhibits an IC50 value of 867 nM. Additionally, this compound effectively inhibits IL-2 synthesis in Jurkat cells, demonstrating an IC50 of 1.270 μM.

Denileukin diftitox (DAB 389IL-2), a fusion protein toxin combining diphtheria toxin (DT) and interleukin 2 (IL-2), selectively depletes cells with the high-affinity IL-2 receptor (IL-2R), specifically CD25. By binding to these cells, it introduces diphtheria toxin to inhibit protein synthesis, leading to cell depletion [1] [2] [3].

Myelopeptide-2, a peptide isolated from the supernatant of porcine bone marrow cell cultures, can restore the mitogenic reactivity of human T lymphocytes inhibited by HL-60 leukemia cells or measles virus conditions. It also enhances depressed interleukin-2 (IL-2) synthesis and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression, playing a role in immunity homeostasis. This compound shows potential for application in antitumor and antivirus research [1] [2].

PapRIV, a quorum-sensing heptapeptide derived from B. cereus, undergoes synthesis as a 48-amino acid polypeptide. This compound is secreted and then extracellularly processed by NprB proteases into its active form. At concentrations ranging from 1-25 µM, PapRIV triggers the production of IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as NF-κB translocation, specifically in BV-2 microglia cells.

(±)17(18)-EpETE-Ethanolamide, an ω-3 endocannabinoid epoxide, originates from eicosapentaenoic ethanolamide (EPEA) through cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases action and is decomposed by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FA, AH). Its endogenous synthesis occurs in LPS-stimulated and EPEA-supplemented BV-2 microglia cells, a process inhibited by the CYP inhibitor ketoconazole. This compound mitigates IL-6 and nitrite levels while enhancing IL-10 production following LPS exposure in BV-2 microglia. At a dose of 50 µM, it prevents platelet aggregation caused by arachidonic acid but not that triggered by ADP, collagen, or ristocetin. Additionally, it facilitates the dilation of constricted bovine coronary arteries (ED50= 1.1 µM) and blocks VEGF-driven tubulogenesis in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs).

Streptavidin is a protein tetramer purified from bacteria with a very high affinity for biotin and is commonly used for the purification or detection of various biomolecules. Streptavidin is immunologically active, inhibiting IL-2 synthesis and CD25 expression in T cells.

Suplatast Tosylate-d5 is a deuterated compound of Suplatast Tosylate. Suplatast Tosylate has a CAS number of 94055-76-2. Suplatast Tosilate is a novel capsular anti-asthmatic drug. It ( IC50 above 100 μM) inhibits both IgE production, IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis.

Triamcinolone (Standard) is the standard substance of Triamcinolone, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Triamcinolone (Aristocort) is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. Upon cell entry, triamcinolone binds to and activates the glucocorticoid receptor, which leads to translocation of the ligand-receptor complex to the nucleus and induces expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes such as lipocortins. Lipocortins inhibit phospholipase A2, thereby blocking the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids and preventing the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, both mediators of inflammation. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, including interleukin (IL)-1and IL-6, and the activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes is also inhibited. T-cells are prevented from making IL-2 and proliferating. This agent also decreases the number of circulating lymphocytes, induces cell differentiation, and stimulates apoptosis through increasing Ikappa-B expression and curtailing activation of nuclear factor (NF)kappa-B.

Capillarisin is a novel blocker of STAT3 activation and thus may have a potential in negative regulation of growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance of tumor cells, it inhibits cancer cell growth of osteosarcoma cells by inducing apoptosis accompanied with

(Rac)-Poriol (5,7,4'-Trihydroxy-6-methylflavanone) is a flavonoid derivative with antitumour activity against KB cell lines, widely used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.