herpes simplex virus

Brefeldin A (Cyanein) belongs to the class of macrolide antibiotics and is an ATPase inhibitor (IC50=0.2 μM). Brefeldin A can induce tumor cell differentiation and apoptosis, and also possesses autophagy inhibitory activity.

2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) is an analog of glucose, an inhibitor of glycolysis. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose has antiviral activity, as well as inhibitory cell proliferation and apoptosis-inducing activity.

Trigonelline chloride (Coffearine Hydrochloride), an alkaloid with potential antidiabetic activity, is present in considerable amounts in coffee.

Cytarabine (Ara-C) is a nucleoside analog, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis (IC50=16 nM). Cytarabine inhibits DNA polymerase and induces cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis. Cytarabine has antitumor activity.

1-Docosanol (Behenic alcohol) is a saturated 22-carbon aliphatic alcohol with antiviral activity. 1-Docosanol has a distinct mechanism of action and inhibits fusion between the plasma membrane and the herpes simplex virus envelope, thereby preventing viral entry into cells and subsequent viral activity and replication. 1-Docosanol is used topically in the treatment of recurrent herpes simplex labialis episodes and relieves associated pain and may help heal sores faster.

Glyceryl monocaprate (2,3-Dihydroxypropyl decanoate) has inhibitory effect on Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). It also offers an effective treatment for herpes labialiss. Glyceryl monocaprate is a capric acid against 1-monoglyceride gram-positive bacterial infections.

Xanthohumol, also known as 2', 4, 4'-trihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3'-prenylchalcone or desmethylxanthohumol, is a member of the class of compounds known as 3-prenylated chalcones. It inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 activity and shows chemopreventive effects.

Ivermectin (MK-933) is an activator of glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls) with antiparasitic activity.

1. Oxyresveratro can inhibit tyrosinase activity. 2. Oxyresveratro is useful to trauma models, as toxicity to glia could be beneficial by inhibiting reactive gliosis. 3. Oxyresveratrol (trans-Oxyresveratrol) has antioxidant activity, can reduce neuronal oxidative damage and protect hepatocytes against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be associated with activation of Nrf2.

Ginsenoside Rb1 (Gypenoside Ⅲ) is part of a class of steroid glycosides; may have properties that inhibit or prevent the growth of tumors.

Oxytetracycline (Terramycin) is a TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES rimosus and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.

Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride (Dalimycin) is a tetracycline derivative produced by Streptomyces rimosus with antimicrobial activity. It interferes with the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex, resulting in preventing peptide elongation and inhibiting protein synthesis.

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate monohydrate (5'-AMP) , also known as 5'-adenylic acid, is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid and the nucleoside adenosine. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate monohydrate consists of a phosphate group, the sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. As a substituent it takes the form of the prefix adenylyl-.

1. Octyl Gallate is an antioxidant approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a food additive. 2. Octyl Gallate has antimetastatic activity. 3. Octyl Gallate shows antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 125 ug mL. 4. Combination therapy with octyl gallate and ferulic acid improves cognition and neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.5. Octyl Gallate is a potential anticancer agent, it exhibited decreased MCF-7 & MDA-MB-231 survival and induced apoptosis, with IC50 value of 40 uM. 6. Octyl gallate (Octyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) has antiviral activity, it shows an inhibitory effect on the growth of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in HEp-2 or Vero cells. 7. Octyl gallate shows antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC7754 and Zygosaccharomyces bailii ATCC 60483.

Oxytetracycline Dihydrate (Terramycin Dihydrate) is a prescription antibiotic, interfering with the ability of bacteria to produce essential proteins.

L-Lysine (Aminutrin) is one of nine essential amino acids in humans required for growth and tissue repair, Lysine is supplied by many foods, especially red meats, fish, and dairy products. Lysine seems to be active against herpes simplex viruses and present in many forms of diet supplements. The mechanism underlying this effect is based on the viral need for amino acid arginine; lysine competes with arginine for absorption and entry into cells. Lysine inhibits HSV growth by knocking out arginine.

Vidarabine (Adenine Arabinoside) is a nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus. It has some antineoplastic properties and has broad spectrum activity against DNA viruses in cell cultures and significant antiviral activity against infections caused by a variety of viruses such as the herpes viruses, the VACCINIA VIRUS and varicella zoster virus.

Zerumbone is a natural monocyclic sesquiterpene first isolated from rhizomes of the wild ginger Z. zerumbet.It has also been shown to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, contributing to immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective effects.

1. Betulonic acid (Liquidambaric acid) amide stimulated the regenerative response in hepatocytes under conditions of combined toxic exposure and promoted recovery of their qualitative and quantitative characteristics, which was accompanied by a significant decrease in the severity of liver fibrosis and the absence of cirrhotic transformation of the liver. 2. Betulonic acid derivatives have a promising cytostatic activity in vitro and could be used as potential leads for the development of new type of anti-cancer agents. 3. Betulonic acid has antiholestatic effects in mice.

Theaflavin 3,3'-digallate, a major polyphenol found in black tea, is an inducer of oxidative stress which has anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive actions, it reduces tumor angiogenesis by downregulating HIF-1αand VEGF.

Verbascoside (Kusaginin) is a protein kinase C inhibitor with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory activities.

20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2 (Ginsenoside Rh2) is a minor stereoisomer of ginsenoside Rh2, possesses matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory.

Lucialdehyde B exhibits potent inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus. It shows cytotoxic effects on Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), T-47D, Sarcoma 180, and Meth-A tumor cell lines.

Kushenol K is a potent and Selective Inhibitor of cGMP Phosphodiesterase 5, it also has inhibitory effects on diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT). Kushenol K shows weak antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus types I and II.