ganglioside gd3

Ganglioside GD3 is synthesized by the addition of two sialic acid residues to lactosylceramide and can serve as a precursor to the formation of more complex gangliosides by the action of glycosyl- and sialyltransferases. It induces apoptosis in HuT-78 cutaneous T cell lymphoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner and disrupts the mitochondrial membrane potential when used at a concentration of 200 μM. Expression of ganglioside GD3 in GD3-negative SK-MEL-28-N1 malignant melanoma cells increases both cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Ganglioside GD3-deficient adult mice exhibit progressive loss of the neural stem cell (NSC) pool and impaired neurogenesis. Ganglioside GD3 mixture contains ganglioside GD3 molecular species with C18:1 and C20:1 sphingoid backbones.

Ganglioside GD3 disodium salt is a melanoma-associated antigen commonly targeted in immune therapy for melanomas.

Ganglioside GD3 diammonium is an acidic sphingolipid that exhibits promising biological activities. It can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, influence the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (PTPC), induce cell apoptosis (apoptosis), and activate the caspase enzyme family. This compound is utilized in the research of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.

GD3 Ganglioside sodium is a crucial ganglioside in human melanoma and functions as an inducer of mitochondrial permeability. It targets mitochondria directly in a manner controlled by bcl-2. Following the aggregation of death-inducing receptors, ceramide accumulates rapidly, synthesizes GD3 ganglioside, and triggers apoptosis.

(-)-L-threo-PDMP is an enhancer of ganglioside biosynthesis. The (-)-L-threo-PDMP (1S,2S) isomer is the active stimulatory component of DL-threo-PDMP in contrast to (+)-D-threo-PDMP , which is an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthetase. (-)-L-threo-PDMP upregulates GM3, GD3, and GQ1b synthase levels, which are glycosyltransferases involved in ganglioside biosynthesis, and increases ganglioside levels in cells. It increases neurite outgrowth and synapse formation in vitro and improves retention of a long-term memory learned prior to forebrain ischemia in rats when administered following ischemia at a dose of 40 mg/kg per day.

Mitumomab, an anti-idiotypic mouse IgG2b monoclonal antibody, mimics the ganglioside GD3 and is utilized in researching small-cell lung carcinoma [1].