ganglion

Pempidine (1,2,2,6,6-Pentamethylpiperidine) is a nicotinic antagonist and has been used as a ganglionic blocker for treating hypertension.

Sulbutiamine (Bisibuthiamine) is an antioxidant that act by inhibiting oxidative stress induced retinal ganglion cell death.

CYM5442 is an S1P agonist, targeting to Sphingosine.

VIP(6-28)(human, rat, porcine, bovine) acetate is an antagonist of the actions of exogenous vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor on cAMP in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG).

Potent and reversible Kv3.4 potassium channel blocker (IC50 = 47 nM); also attenuates inactivation of sodium currents by acting on Nav1.7 and Nav1.3 channels. Enhances TTX-sensitive sodium currents in rat small dorsal root ganglion neurons. Neuroprotective.

Neurotensin-related hexapeptide exists in retinal ganglion cells and in their central projections in pigeons and may be utilized as a neuroactive substance by the central terminals of numerous retinal ganglion cells in birds.

Tat-CBD3 is a chemical compound inhibiting the interaction between the N-type voltage-gated calcium channel Cav2.2 and collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), as well as the interaction between CRMP2 and the NMDA receptor NR2B subunit. At a concentration of 10 µM, Tat-CBD3 reduces the Cav2.2-CRMP2 interaction by 43% in cell-free assays and impedes the NMDA receptor NR2B subunit-CRMP2 interaction in immunoprecipitation assays. It lowers voltage-induced calcium currents by about 60% in primary rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and decreases glutamate-induced cytosolic calcium level rises in primary rat hippocampal neurons. When administered at 20 mg/kg, Tat-CBD3 lessens infarct volume in a rat model of cerebral ischemia following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Additionally, intrathecal delivery of Tat-CBD3 at a dose of 20 µg/5 µl mitigates carrageenan-induced thermal hypersensitivity in rats.

PB2, a tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) analogue, enhances the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) following axotomy in vitro. Even at nanomolar and picomolar concentrations, PB2 demonstrates pronounced efficacy in promoting RGC survival. Notably, PB2 exhibits superior permeability compared to TCEP. Serving as a potent reducing agent, PB2 provides robust neuroprotection for RGCs[1].

Tonabersat (SB-220453) is a novel and orally available gap-junction modulator and CSD (Cortical spreading depression) inhibitor that regulates cellular communication between trigeminal ganglion neuronal cells and glial cells and inhibits neurogenic inflammation for the treatment of migraine and epilepsy.

Trimetaphan camsilate is a drug that counteracts cholinergic transmission at the ganglion type of nicotinic receptors of the autonomic ganglia and therefore blocks both the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. It acts as a non-depolarizing competitive antagonist at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, is short-acting, and is given intravenously.

Jingzhaotoxin-V, a 29-residue polypeptide from Chilobrachys jingzhao spider venom, selectively inhibits tetrodotoxin-resistant and tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons, with IC50 values of 27.6 nM and 30.2 nM, respectively. Furthermore, it suppresses Kv4.2 potassium currents in Xenopus laevis oocytes, with an IC50 of 604.2 nM [1].

Dermorphin TFA is a new class of opioids-like peptides

C16 3'-sulfo Galactosylceramide (d18:1 16:0) is a sulfated glycolipid.C16 3'-sulfo Galactosylceramide (d18:1 16:0) is a relatively abundant sulfide found in porcine brain and plasma that decreases throughout development in mice.C16 3'-sulfo Galactosylceramide is a relatively abundant sulfide found in porcine brain and plasma that decreases throughout development in mice.C16 3'-sulfo Galactosylceramide is a relatively abundant sulfide found in porcine brain and plasma that decreases throughout development in mice. C16 3'-sulfo Galactosylceramide (d18:1 16:0) inhibits retinal ganglion cell growth in vitro.C16 3'-sulfo Galactosylceramide (d18:1 16:0) has been used as an internal standard for quantifying C16 3'-sulfo Galactosylceramide (d18:1 16:0) in rat cerebellum and white matter isolated from patients with multiple sclerosis. reference for sulphides.

NMDAR TRPM4-IN-2 is a potent interfacial inhibitor of NMDAR TRPM4 interaction.NMDAR TRPM4-IN-2 protects against MCAO-induced brain damage and NMDA-induced retinal ganglion cell loss in mice.NMDAR TRPM4-IN-2 has neuroprotective activity against NMDA-induced hippocampal neuronal cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction. NMDAR TRPM4-IN-2 showed neuroprotective activity against NMDA-induced cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction in hippocampal neurons with an IC50 value of 2.1 μM.

Jingzhaotoxin-34, a 35-residue neurotoxic polypeptide, selectively inhibits tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) sodium currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons with an IC50 of approximately 85 nM and exerts negligible influence on tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) sodium currents [1].

Jingzhaotoxin-V is a peptide that suppresses potassium currents in Xenopus laevis oocytes with an IC50 of 604.2 nM, while targeting both tetrodotoxin-resistant and tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons with IC50 values of 27.6 nM and 30.2 nM, respectively [1].

TN-871 is a potassium and calcium channel antagonist. TN-871 modulates transmitter release from preganglionic nerve terminals without changing the postsynaptic sensitivity of the ganglion cells to ACh.

Myr-Tat-CBD3 is a chemical compound that serves as an inhibitor of the protein-protein interaction between the N-type voltage-gated calcium channel Cav2.2 and collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). This compound effectively disrupts the Cav2.2-CRMP2 interaction by about 81% at a 10 µM concentration and demonstrates an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) value of approximately 2.8 µM against potassium-induced calcium influx in primary rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Furthermore, at a concentration of 20 µM, Myr-Tat-CBD3 specifically inhibits calcium currents without affecting sodium currents in primary DRG neurons. Additionally, intrathecal administration of 20 µg/5 µl of Myr-Tat-CBD3 effectively mitigates carrageenan-induced declines in paw withdrawal latencies in rats, indicating its potential for pain relief. The compound also notably reduces cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in rats, suggesting therapeutic potential in addiction treatment.

The acyl amides are a family of endogenous lipids that act as potent modulators of pain and inflammation. The best characterized members of this family are the arachidonoyl amides, which includes N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA; anandamide). N-palmitoyl glycine (PalGly) contains an 18-carbon saturated fatty acid that is amide-linked to glycine and is structurally similar to the phospholipid-derived N-acyl ethanolamines. Endogenously produced in rat skin and spinal cord, PalGly is present in 100-fold greater amounts in skin and 3-fold greater in brain compared to AEA. Injection of 0.43 μg PalGly in rat hindpaw inhibits heat-induced firing of nociceptive neurons in rat dorsal horn. PalGly treatment induces transient calcium influx in native dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells and in the PTX-sensitive, DRG-like cell line F-11 (EC50 = 5.5 μM).

Dermorphin is agonist of μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist.

Y-33075 (Y-39983 free base) is a ROCK inhibitor that lowers intraocular pressure (IOP), increases blood flow to the optic nerve head (ONH), and increases the number of RGCs (retinal ganglion cells) in the body with regenerating axons.

DL-AP5 is the racemic form of a selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist with anticonvulsant effects.

MRS 1523 can exert an antihyperalgesic effect through N-type Ca channel block and action potential inhibition in isolated rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. MRS 1523 is an effective and selective adenosine A3 receptor antagonist Ki: 18.9 nM and 113 n

Amifostine Hydrate is a radiation protective agent that induces splenic vasodilation and blocks autonomic ganglion.