etoposide

Etoposide (VP-16-213) is a topoisomerase II inhibitor that inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA (IC50=60.3 μM). Etoposide has antitumor activity and induces apoptosis and autophagy.

Apoptosis Inhibitor was a novel inhibitor of programmed cell death associate with caspase-3 inhibition.

Heptelidic acid (Koningic acid) is a sesquiterpenoid lactone antibiotic derived from the probiotic fungus Aspergillus oryzae, a selective GAPDH inhibitor. It downregulates caspase to inhibit etoposide-induced apoptosis. Heptelidic acid inhibits tau fibrillation in a concentration-dependent manner and exerts antitumor effects on extra-intestinal melanoma by controlling glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity.

Oliveroline is an alkaloid found in plants that demonstrates strong inhibition of Topo I and remarkable inhibition of Topo II, surpassing similar compounds such as topotecan and etoposide. The Topo I complexes it forms are more stable than those with Topo II, highlighting its potential as a promising candidate for further cancer treatment research.