dopamine

Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279), a naturally occurring catecholamine formed by decarboxylation of dihydroxyphenylalanine and a precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine, binds to alpha-1- and beta-1- adrenergic receptors.

Octodrine (2-Amino-6-methylheptane) is primarily used as a pharmaceutical intermediate for Octamylamine; it also functions as a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor.

L-DOPA (Levodopa) is an amino acid precursor of dopamine with antiparkinsonian properties. It is a prodrug converted to dopamine by DOPA decarboxylase and can cross the blood-brain barrier. In the brain, levodopa is decarboxylated to dopamine, stimulating dopaminergic receptors and compensating for depleted endogenous dopamine in Parkinson's disease. To ensure adequate concentrations reach the central nervous system, levodopa is administered with carbidopa, a decarboxylase inhibitor that does not cross the blood-brain barrier, reducing peripheral decarboxylation and increasing CNS dopamine delivery.

Rotundine (Gindarine) (L-tetrahydropalmatine, L-THP) is a selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist with IC50 of 166 nM.

Syrosingopine is a dual inhibitor of MCT1 and MCT4, 60 times more potent against MCT4, preventing lactate and H+ efflux. Syrosingopine is an orally available antihypertensive drug with potential for cancer research in combination with metformin.

L-741626 (3-(4-(4-Chlorophenyl-4-hydroxypiperidino)methyl)indole) is a selective antagonist of D2 dopamine receptor (Ki: 2.4, 100, and 220 nM for human D2, D3 and D4 receptors respectively).

Hirsuteine is a natural product. It non-competitively antagonizes nicotine-mediated dopamine release by blocking ion permeation through nicotinic receptor channel complexes.

Nuciferine ((-)-Nuciferine) is an alkaloid found within the plants Nymphaea caerulea and Nelumbo nucifera. It has a profile of action associated with dopamine receptor blockade.

Dopamine 3-O-sulfate, primarily found in plasma, serves as a biomarker for identifying aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency [1].

5-S-Cysteinyldopamine is a thioether metabolite of dopamine that can induce neurological damage by causing extensive oxidative stress and protein aggregation. This is characterized by protein carbonylation, glutathione depletion, and increased expression of α-synuclein (α-Syn) and ERp57 proteins. It is applicable in research on neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.

5-Hydroxydopamine hydrochloride is a naturally occurring amine in human urine with an IC50 value of 22 µM for the Luxaphone receptor.5-Hydroxydopamine has potential antimicrobial and anticancer activities.5-Hydroxydopamine hydrochloride is a natural amine in human urine with an IC50 value of 22 µM for the Luxaphone receptor.

N-acetyldopamine (NADA) is a catecholamine used by insects as a precursor for sclerotization, a process that strengthens their cuticle.

N-Acetyldopamine dimer-3 (Compound 11), a naturally occurring chemical, is present in the species Aspongopus chinensis [1].

N-Acetyldopamine dimer-1, a 2-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,4-benzodioxane derivative, is optically active and can be isolated from the crude agent Zentai, the cast-off shell of the cicada of Cryptotympana sp. (Cicadidae) [1].

N-Acetyldopamine dimers B is a dimer form of N-Acetyldopamine [1] [2].

N-Acetyldopamine dimers A (Compound (+)-2) can be isolated from the cast-off shell of the cicada Cryptotympana sp. and increase collagen and α-SMA expression [1].

PALDA (N-Palmitoyl dopamine) is a fatty acid dopamine found in the mammalian brain that is inactive against TRPV1 and inactivates at TRPV(1)R. It is used in the study of duodenal ulcers.

Citicoline (CDP-Choline) is an intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a component of cell membranes. Citicoline exerts neuroprotective effects.

Octopamine hydrochloride ((±)-p-Octopamine hydrochlorid) is a biogenic monoamine structurally associated with noradrenaline. It can serve as a neurohormone, a neurotransmitter, and a neuromodulator in invertebrates.

Methyldopa (MK-351), an alpha-adrenergic agonist (selective for α2-adrenergic receptors) psychoactive medicine, is served as an antihypertensive or sympatholytic.

D-Phenylalanine, a necessary aromatic amino acid, is a precursor of thyroxine, dopamine, melanin, and noradrenaline (norepinephrine).

Mianserin hydrochloride (Org GB 94) is a tetracyclic compound with antidepressant properties that blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and certain serotonin receptors; it may cause drowsiness and hematological issues.

5,6-Dihydroxyindole (Dopamine lutine) is a melanin precursor and has a broad-spectrum antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic activity. It has cytotoxic effects and is strongly toxic against various pathogens.

L-(R,S)-Tetrahydropalmatine (Rotundine) is extracted from Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang.