dopamine

Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279), a naturally occurring catecholamine formed by decarboxylation of dihydroxyphenylalanine and a precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine, binds to alpha-1- and beta-1- adrenergic receptors.

L-DOPA (Levodopa) is an amino acid precursor of dopamine with antiparkinsonian properties. It is a prodrug converted to dopamine by DOPA decarboxylase and can cross the blood-brain barrier. In the brain, levodopa is decarboxylated to dopamine, stimulating dopaminergic receptors and compensating for depleted endogenous dopamine in Parkinson's disease. To ensure adequate concentrations reach the central nervous system, levodopa is administered with carbidopa, a decarboxylase inhibitor that does not cross the blood-brain barrier, reducing peripheral decarboxylation and increasing CNS dopamine delivery.

Rotundine (Gindarine) (L-tetrahydropalmatine, L-THP) is a selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist with IC50 of 166 nM.

Syrosingopine is a dual inhibitor of MCT1 and MCT4, 60 times more potent against MCT4, preventing lactate and H+ efflux. Syrosingopine is an orally available antihypertensive drug with potential for cancer research in combination with metformin.

L-741626 (3-(4-(4-Chlorophenyl-4-hydroxypiperidino)methyl)indole) is a selective antagonist of D2 dopamine receptor (Ki: 2.4, 100, and 220 nM for human D2, D3 and D4 receptors respectively).

Nuciferine ((-)-Nuciferine) is an alkaloid found within the plants Nymphaea caerulea and Nelumbo nucifera. It has a profile of action associated with dopamine receptor blockade.

Dopamine 3-O-sulfate, primarily found in plasma, serves as a biomarker for identifying aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency [1].

5-S-Cysteinyldopamine is a thioether metabolite of dopamine that can induce neurological damage by causing extensive oxidative stress and protein aggregation. This is characterized by protein carbonylation, glutathione depletion, and increased expression of α-synuclein (α-Syn) and ERp57 proteins. It is applicable in research on neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.

5-Hydroxydopamine hydrochloride is a naturally occurring amine in human urine with an IC50 value of 22 µM for the Luxaphone receptor.5-Hydroxydopamine has potential antimicrobial and anticancer activities.5-Hydroxydopamine hydrochloride is a natural amine in human urine with an IC50 value of 22 µM for the Luxaphone receptor.

N-acetyldopamine (NADA) is a catecholamine used by insects as a precursor for sclerotization, a process that strengthens their cuticle.

N-Acetyldopamine dimers A (Compound (+)-2) can be isolated from the cast-off shell of the cicada Cryptotympana sp. and increase collagen and α-SMA expression [1].

N-Acetyldopamine dimer-1, a 2-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,4-benzodioxane derivative, is optically active and can be isolated from the crude agent Zentai, the cast-off shell of the cicada of Cryptotympana sp. (Cicadidae) [1].

N-Acetyldopamine dimer-3 (Compound 11), a naturally occurring chemical, is present in the species Aspongopus chinensis [1].

N-Acetyldopamine dimers B is a dimer form of N-Acetyldopamine [1] [2].

PALDA (N-Palmitoyl dopamine) is a fatty acid dopamine found in the mammalian brain that is inactive against TRPV1 and inactivates at TRPV(1)R. It is used in the study of duodenal ulcers.

Benzamide (Amid kyseliny benzoove), an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, is a derivative of benzoic acid.

Mianserin hydrochloride (Org GB 94) is a tetracyclic compound with antidepressant properties that blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and certain serotonin receptors; it may cause drowsiness and hematological issues.

Methyldopa (MK-351), an alpha-adrenergic agonist (selective for α2-adrenergic receptors) psychoactive medicine, is served as an antihypertensive or sympatholytic.

1. Palmatine (Burasaine) is an inhibitor of dopamine generation. 2. Palmatine could potentially be developed for the treatment of flavivirus infections. 3. Palmatine has been used in the treatment of jaundice, dysentery, hypertension, inflammation, and liver-related diseases.

D-Phenylalanine, a necessary aromatic amino acid, is a precursor of thyroxine, dopamine, melanin, and noradrenaline (norepinephrine).

Homovanillic acid (Vanillacetic acid), a dopamine metabolite, is linked to aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, growth hormone deficiency, celiac disease, and sepiapterin reductase deficiency.

3-Methoxytyramine (3-O-methyl Dopamine) is a cellular metabolite of dopamine (3-hydroxytyramine), a neuromodulator that induces behavioral effects, induces significant ERK and CREB phosphorylation, and is capable of inducing a complex set of aberrant involuntary movements in acutely depleted dopamine-containing mice.

L-(R,S)-Tetrahydropalmatine (Rotundine) is extracted from Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang.

Pyridoxal phosphate (Vitamin B6 phosphate) is the active form of vitamin B6 and a coenzyme for many pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. PLP is involved in numerous enzymatic transamination, decarboxylation and deamination reactions; it is necessary for the synthesis of amino acids and amino acid metabolites, and for the synthesis and or catabolism of certain neurotransmitters, including the conversion of glutamate into gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and levodopa into dopamine. PLP can be used as a dietary supplement in cases of vitamin B6 deficiency. Reduced levels of PLP in the brain can cause neurological dysfunction.