dna cross-links

Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) is a DNA alkylating agent, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Oxaliplatin causes DNA cross-linking damage, preventing DNA replication and transcription and leading to cell death. Oxaliplatin induces autophagy.

Triglycidyl isocyanurate (Teroxirone) is a triazene triepoxide with antineoplastic and antiangiogenic activity. It inhibits growth of human non-small cell lung cancer cells by activating p53. Triglycidyl isocyanurate alkylates and cross-links DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication. It induces cell apoptosis and can be used for cancer research[1][2]. Triglycidyl isocyanurate is also used in various polyester powder coatings in the metal finishing industry.

Chlorambucil (CB-1348) is an orally-active antineoplastic aromatic nitrogen mustard. Chlorambucil alkylates and cross-links DNA during all phases of the cell cycle, resulting in disruption of DNA function, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis.

Novobiocin Sodium (Albamycinsodium) binds to DNA gyrase and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. Novobiocin sodium is an antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin.

RITA (NSC-652287)(NSC-652287) induced cross-links of both DNA-DNA and DNA-protein with no detectable DNA single-strand breaks. RITA, like nutlin-3, can disrupt the p53 Mdm2 interaction.

Nedaplatin (NSC-375101D) is a derivative of cisplatin and DNA damage agent for tumor colony forming units (IC50: 94 μM). Containing a novel ring structure in which glycolate is bound to the platinum by a bidentate ligand, nedaplatin forms reactive platinum complexes that bind to nucleophilic groups in DNA, resulting in intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links, apoptosis and cell death.

Caricotamide is a synthetic co-substrate that activates the human endogenous enzyme NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) with potential chemoadjuvant activity. When caricotamide is administered simultaneously with the prodrug tretazicar, NQO2 converts tretazicar to the bifunctional alkylating agent dinitrobenzamide, which is capable of forming a high degree of DNA interstrand cross-links, resulting in the inhibition of DNA replication and the induction of apoptosis. NQO2 has been found to be over-expressed in cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), colorectal and ovarian cancers.

Mafosfamide is a synthetic oxazaphosphorine derivative with antineoplastic properties. Mafosfamide alkylates DNA, forming DNA cross-links and inhibiting DNA synthesis. Although closely related to cyclophosphamide, mafosfamide, unlike cyclophosphamide, does not require hepatic activation to generate its active metabolite 4-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide; accordingly, mafosfamide is potentially useful in the intrathecal treatment of neoplastic meningitis.

Mafosfamide sodium is a synthetic oxazaphosphorine derivative with antineoplastic properties. Mafosfamide sodium alkylates DNA, forming DNA cross-links and inhibiting DNA synthesis. Although closely related to cyclophosphamide, Mafosfamide sodium, unlike cyclophosphamide, does not require hepatic activation to generate its active metabolite 4-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide; accordingly, Mafosfamide sodium is potentially useful in the intrathecal treatment of neoplastic meningitis.

Trioxsalen (Trioxysalen) is a furanocoumarin and a psoralen derivative, in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and hand eczema. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, which can cause programmed cell death.

Pentamethylmelamine, as a primary metabolite of hexamethylmelamine, exhibits antitumor activity. This compound alkylates DNA and other macromolecules, leading to the formation of DNA intra-strand and DNA-protein cross-links, thereby inhibiting DNA replication.

PR-104 is a highly specific hypoxia-activated agent that cross-links DNA, enabling its application in various tumor xenograft models. Functioning as a pre-prodrug of nitrogen mustard, PR-104 undergoes efficient conversion to the dinitrobenzamide mustards alcohol form, known as PR-104A[1].

Phosphoramide mustard cyclohexanamine is the active metabolite of cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent that cross-links DNA strands, organizes cell division and causes cell death, and has antitumor activity.

Anticancer agent 11 an effective broad-spectrum anticancer agent, exerts its therapeutic potential by suppressing angiogenesis and facilitating the formation of DNA cross-links.

Porfiromycin is a n N-methyl derivative of the antineoplastic antibiotic mitomycin C isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces ardus and other Streptomyces bacterial species. Bioreduced porfiromycin generates oxygen radicals and alkylates DNA, producing interstrand cross-links and single-strand breaks, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis. Porfiromycin is preferentially toxic to hypoxic cells.

Yoshi-864 alkylates and cross-links DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication. It is an alkyl sulfonate DNA cross-linking agent with potential anti-cancer activity.

Colibactin 742, a stable derivative of colibactin, efficiently induces DNA interstrand cross-links, activates the Fanconi Anemia DNA repair pathway, and leads to G2 M arrest.

Bisantrene (CL-216942; NSC 337766) is a topoisomerase II poison and DNA intercalator. It can be used as a Rac1 inhibitor or model compound to study P-glycoprotein-mediated multi-drug resistance (MDR1). Bisantrene inserts and disrupts the configuration of

SG3199 is a PBD dimer which binds in the minor groove of DNA, and forms covalent DNA interstrand cross-links in naked linear plasmid DNA. SG3199 is potently cytotoxic against a panel of human solid tumour and haematological cancer cell lines.

Teroxirone, also known as Triglycidyl Isocyanurate and Tris(2,3-epoxypropyl) Isocyanurate, is a triazene triepoxide with antineoplastic activity. Teroxine alkylates and cross-links DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication.

TriN2755 is a synthetic triazene derivative with antineoplastic activity. Upon metabolic activation via N-demethylation, TriN2755 is converted into highly reactive carbocations that can alkylate DNA and other macromolecules, thereby resulting in DNA cross links, inhibiting DNA replication and repair, and subsequently inducing apoptosis. This agent has high hydrophilicity and photostability and shows a favorable toxicity profile over the other triazenes.