disulfide bonds

Edetic acid (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a chelating agent commonly used in protein purification, both to eliminate contaminating divalent cations and to inhibit protease activity.

L-Glutathione reduced (Glutathione) is a naturally occurring tripeptide found in cells as an endogenous antioxidant that scavenges oxygen free radicals. L-Glutathione reduced is a cofactor for certain enzymes and is involved in the rearrangement of protein disulfide bonds and the reduction of peroxides.

Butyl disulfide is an organic compound that contains disulfide bonds and is used in organic synthesis and biochemical experiments.

DTT (DL-Dithiothreitol) is a strong reducing agent. DTT has anti-disulfide ptosis activity and, upon oxidation, forms a stable six-membered ring with internal disulfide bonds.

1-Thioglycerol (alpha-Thioglycerol) is an antioxidant thioglycerol that scavenges free radicals and reduces oxidative stress as a media component, and is used as a matrix in fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) and liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS).

Sodium thioglycolate is a biochemical reagent with disulfide-reducing properties, used as a biomaterial or organic compound in life science research, and is commonly employed to induce peritonitis models.

DM3-SMe, a maytansine derivative and tubulin inhibitor, acts as the cytotoxic component in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). It can bind to antibodies through disulfide bonds or stable thioether bonds and demonstrates high in vitro cytotoxic activity with an IC50 of 0.0011.

DM4-SMe is a cytotoxic part of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and a metabolite of antibody-maytansin conjugates (AMCs) and tubulin inhibitors, which can also be stabilized by disulfide bonds or thioether The bond binds to the antibody. The IC50 of DM4-SM

DM4-SPDP, a drug-linker conjugate, integrates the antitubulin agent DM4 with the linker SMCC, facilitating the creation of antibody drug conjugates[1]. Additionally, SPDP serves as a short-chain crosslinker enabling amine-to-sulfhydryl conjugation, leveraging NHS-ester and pyridyldithiol groups to establish cleavable (reducible) disulfide bonds with cysteine sulfhydryls[2][3].

EDTA tetrasodium tetrahydrate is a metal chelator known for its ability to bind with divalent and trivalent metal cations, including calcium. It exhibits antihypercalcemic and anticoagulant properties. This compound reduces metal ion-catalyzed oxidative damage to proteins and maintains a reducing environment during protein purification processes, making it commonly used for protein purification and storage. Additionally, it helps in minimizing the formation of disulfide bonds.

DST crosslinker(disuccinimide tartarate) is an isotype bifunctional, cleavable crosslinker (cleavable by an oxidizer) for applications that require crosslinking cleavability and that do not interfere with protein disulfide bonds with reducing agents.

BACE-IN-1 acetate (BACE-IN-1 acetate (350228-37-4,Free base)) has been used as β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1) inhibitor in BACE1 inhibitor assay. β-Site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1), an aspartic protease belongs to the protease family of enzymes comprises of six luminal cysteine residues. These residues help in the formation of three intermolecular disulfide bonds and N-linked glycosylation sites.

(±)-trans-1,2-Bis(2-mercaptoacetamido)cyclohexane (BMC) is a cyclohexane with two mercaptoacetamido groups. It is used, both in vitro and in vivo, to promote the correct folding of proteins that require disulfide bonds for functionality. For in vitro applications, BMC may be used to facilitate protein refolding of solubilized proteins from inclusion bodies. Reducing agents, like dithiothreitol, may interfere with refolding. BMC may also be added to the growth medium of cells, including yeast cells, to enhance the folding of proteins with disulfide bonds in vivo.

BAMEAO16B is a lipid nanoparticle that incorporates disulfide bonds for efficient delivery of Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA into cells. In the intracellular environment, BAMEAO16B responds to reduction by releasing RNA, facilitating genome editing. This compound is valuable for gene editing research purposes.

SPDP is a short-chain crosslinker, which is used for amine-to-sulfhydryl conjugation via NHS-ester and pyridyldithiol reactive groups that form cleavable (reducible) disulfide bonds with cysteine sulfhydryls. SPDP could activate equal amounts of anti-CD11

Farletuzumab ecteribulin is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of the humanized antibody farletuzumab, which targets the folate receptor alpha (FRA), with an antibody-to-drug ratio of 4.0. In vitro, farletuzumab ecteribulin exhibits cytotoxic and antitumor activity against FRA-positive cells.

Calciseptine, a neurotoxin isolated from the Black Mamba (Dendroaspis p. polylepis) venom, comprises 60 amino acids and is stabilized by four disulfide bonds. It specifically targets and blocks L-type calcium channels [1].

Epsilon-V1-2, a Cys-conjugated, is a biologically active peptide known as the εPKC-specific inhibitor. It hampers εPKC functionality by obstructing its translocation and the phosphorylation of MARCKS, additionally perturbing εPKC's interaction with its anchoring protein, εRACK. The peptide includes a cysteine residue at its C-terminus, facilitating the formation of potential disulfide bonds with carrier proteins. Pyroglutamyl formation can occur spontaneously at the N-terminus if glutamine or glutamic acid is present, enhancing peptide stability against gastrointestinal proteases. Pyroglutamyl peptides, a recognized subset, are accounted for in the peptide's purity during HPLC analysis.

GsAF-1, a peptide toxin with three disulfide bonds, is derived from the venom of the Chilean pink tarantula and has potential applications in the research of moderate-to-severe pain [1].

RFB4 is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD22. It can be linked via disulfide bonds to Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE38) to construct recombinant immunotoxins, such as RFB4(dsFv)-PE38. This compound is useful in cancer research, including studies related to lymphoma.

DSPE-PEG-SPDP, MW 5000, is an amphiphilic polymer (PEG) capable of forming lipid bilayers in aqueous solutions. It is suitable for encapsulating therapeutic agents. The core can encapsulate hydrophilic substances like proteins/peptides and mRNA/DNA/siRNA, while the lipid bilayer can dissolve hydrophobic drugs such as doxorubicin and curcumin. The SPDP moiety can react with thiol molecules to form disulfide bonds. Reagent grade, for research use only.

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-D12 is the deuterated form of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (T20470) (EDTA) serves as a metal chelator, binding with divalent and trivalent metal cations, including calcium. It exhibits antihypercalcemic and anticoagulant properties, reduces metal ion-catalyzed oxidative damage to proteins, and maintains a reducing environment during protein purification. EDTA is commonly used in protein purification and storage and helps minimize the formation of disulfide bonds.

DTT (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving DTT. DTT (DL-Dithiothreitol) is a strong reducing agent. DTT has anti-disulfide ptosis activity and, upon oxidation, forms a stable six-membered ring with internal disulfide bonds.

L-Glutathione reduced (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving L-Glutathione reduced. L-Glutathione reduced (Glutathione) is a naturally occurring tripeptide found in cells as an endogenous antioxidant that scavenges oxygen free radicals. L-Glutathione reduced is a cofactor for certain enzymes and is involved in the rearrangement of protein disulfide bonds and the reduction of peroxides.