disulfide bonds

Edetic acid (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a chelating agent commonly used in protein purification, both to eliminate contaminating divalent cations and to inhibit protease activity.

DTT (DL-Dithiothreitol) is a strong reducing agent. DTT has anti-disulfide ptosis activity and, upon oxidation, forms a stable six-membered ring with internal disulfide bonds.

1-Thioglycerol (alpha-Thioglycerol) is an antioxidant thioglycerol that scavenges free radicals and reduces oxidative stress as a media component, and is used as a matrix in fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) and liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS).

Sodium thioglycolate is a biochemical reagent with disulfide-reducing properties, used as a biomaterial or organic compound in life science research, and is commonly employed to induce peritonitis models.

BAMEAO16B is a lipid nanoparticle that incorporates disulfide bonds for efficient delivery of Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA into cells. In the intracellular environment, BAMEAO16B responds to reduction by releasing RNA, facilitating genome editing. This compound is valuable for gene editing research purposes.

DSPE-PEG-SPDP, MW 5000, is an amphiphilic polymer (PEG) capable of forming lipid bilayers in aqueous solutions. It is suitable for encapsulating therapeutic agents. The core can encapsulate hydrophilic substances like proteins/peptides and mRNA/DNA/siRNA, while the lipid bilayer can dissolve hydrophobic drugs such as doxorubicin and curcumin. The SPDP moiety can react with thiol molecules to form disulfide bonds. Reagent grade, for research use only.

Human Tenascin is a glycoprotein capable of forming hexamers linked by disulfide bonds. It consists of repeated domains, including EGF-like repeats, fibronectin type III repeats, and regions homologous to fibrinogen. Human Tenascin is applicable for cell culture.

Dansylamidoethyl mercaptan is a molecule that reacts with the -SH groups of proteins and other thiol-containing molecules, and it is active in detecting disulfide bonds (S-S) in proteins.

Bis-sulfone-PEG8-NHS ester is a bis-alkylating labeling agent that selectively removes cysteine sulfur atoms from native disulfide bonds. These agents achieve bis-alkylation by covalently bridging the two thiols from cysteine residues derived from reduced native disulfide bonds, such as interchain disulfide bonds in antibodies, through a three-carbon bridge while maintaining the integrity of the protein structure. The hydrophilic PEG spacer enhances solubility in aqueous media.

4-(3-Tosyl-2-(tosylmethyl)propanoyl)benzoic acid, known as Bis-sulfone Acid, is a compound with strong covalent bonding properties featuring a free carboxylic acid and two tosyl groups. Each tosyl group has the potential to be replaced by thiol or amine nucleophiles through Michael addition, allowing this reaction to occur twice due to the presence of two tosyl groups. This facilitates the stapling of two reduced cysteine residues in a given protein to reform disulfide bonds. The carboxylic acid can also readily react to form amides or esters.

Bis-sulfone-PEG4-NHS ester is a bifunctional alkylating labeling reagent that selectively removes cysteine sulfur atoms from native disulfide bonds. These reagents perform bis-alkylation to attach both thiols from two cysteine residues, originating from reduced native disulfide bonds (such as interchain disulfide bonds in antibodies). The reaction results in a covalent bond through a three-carbon bridge, maintaining the protein's structural integrity. The hydrophilic PEG spacer enhances its solubility in aqueous media.