dementia

Fipexide (Attentil, Vigilor), a psychoactive drug of the piperazine chemical class, was developed in Italy in 1983. It was served as a nootropic drug in France and Italy, mainly for the therapy of senile dementia, but is no longer in common use because of the occurrence of rare drug side-effects including hepatitis and fever.

AChE-IN-27 is a small molecule used for high-throughput assays.

CMS-121, a quinolone derivative, is an orally active acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) inhibitor. CMS-121 protects HT22 cells against ischemia and oxidative damage (EC50: 7 nM and 200 nM). CMS-121 shows strong neuroprotective, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and renoprotective activities.

Rosiridin (6'-O-Deacetylrosiridoside C) has cardioprotective activity.

Smilagenin acetate, a sapogenin derivative, upregulates acetylcholine M2 receptor expression in cell assays, positioning it as a candidate for dementia research.

Timosaponin BII (Prototimosaponin A III) exhibits anti-dementia and antioxidant activities, with potential applications in treating type 2 diabetes. It can inhibit the up-regulation of BACE1 and reduce the over-production of β-CTF and Aβ in rat retina induced by FeCl.

Hispidin is a polyphenol originally, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties

Lecanemab (BAN-2401) is an IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting soluble aggregated β-amyloid (Abeta) with activity against oligomers, protofibrils, and insoluble protofibrils, and may be useful in the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-induced mild cognitive impairment and mild AD dementia.

Masupirdine mesylate (SUVN-502 mesylate) is a selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is utilized in the study of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia.

Propentofylline (Hextol) is a methylxanthine derivative with neuroprotective, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory activity and enhanced synaptic adenosine signaling, which may be useful in the study of Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, cognitive impairment, dementia, and chronic pain.

AF-710B is a specific variant of M1 muscarinic and Sigma-1 receptor agonist used in the study of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease dementia and schizophrenia.

ABT-288 is a selective and potent H3 antagonist for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's dementia.

Landipirdine (RO-5025181) is a selective 5-HT6R antagonist for the study of central nervous system disorders such as dementia.

Dabelotine (UNII-6RY56RB98P) is an adrenergic agonist used in the study of dementia.

E6801 is a novel selective 5-HT6 receptor agonist with a wide range of biological activities.E6801 can be used in the study of dementia, Parkinson's disease, depression, obesity epilepsy, anxiety, and many other diseases.

Posatirelin (BRN6006446) is a synthetic peptide with modulatory activity and neurotrophic effects on monoaminergic and cholinergic systems for the study of vascular dementia.

5-HT6/7 antagonist 1 is a dual 5-HT6/7/2A and D2 receptor antagonist used in the study of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Ensaculin (Anseculin), a novel benzopyrone partially substituted with piperazine, showed memory-enhancing effects in passive and conditioned avoidance paradigms in normal and artificially amnesic rodents. It showed neuroprotective activity in a model of NMDA toxicity and neurotrophic effects in primary cultured rat brain cells.Ensaculin can be used for the treatment of dementia.

Alaproclate is a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist and a new selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor for the study of depression and dementia.

Atevirdine is an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor with antiviral activity for the study of the AIDS dementia complex (ADC).

(Rac)-EC5026 ((Rac)-BPN-19186) is a potent piperidine inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) with a Ki of 0.06 nM, useful for research on Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) [1].

Nicergoline (Nicergolinum) is an ergot derivative used to treat senile dementia and other disorders with vascular origins.

Rivastigmine tartrate (SDZ-ENA 713) is a carbamate-derived reversible CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR that is selective for the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM and is used for the treatment of DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE and PARKINSON DISEASE.

sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine (Choline glycerophosphate) is a natural choline compound found in the brain and in milk. It is also a parasympathomimetic acetylcholine precursor which may have a potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and dementia. sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine rapidly delivers choline to the brain across the blood–brain barrier and is a biosynthetic precursor of the acetylcholine neurotransmitter. It is a non-prescription drug in most countries due to its Generally Recognised As Safe (GRAS) status [1]. Studies have investigated its efficacy for cognitive disorders including stroke and Alzheimer's disease. An Italian multicentre clinical trial on 2, 044 patients suffering from recent stroke were supplied Glycerylphosphorylcholine in doses of 1, 000 mg/day for 28 days and 400 mg three times per day for the five ensuing months. The trial confirmed the therapeutic role of alpha-GPC on the cognitive recovery of patients based on four measurement scales, three of which reached statistical significance [2].