conduction

Etripamil (MSP-2017) displays atrioventricular nodal conduction and prolongs atrioventricular nodal refractory periods by inhibiting calcium ion influx through the calcium slow channels in the atrioventricular node cells. Etripamil is an antagonist of short-acting L-type calcium-channel. It has a rapid onset of action designed for intranasal administration. It is also used to treat Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia.

Lidorestat (IDD-676) is an aldose reductase inhibitor (IC50: 5 nM) with effective, selective and oral activity. Lidorestat improves nerve conduction and reduces the formation of cataracts. Lidorestat can be used to treat complications of chronic diabetes.

Dofetilide (UK 68789) is a sulfonamide class III antiarrhythmic agent and potassium channel blocker. Dofetilide selectively blocks cardiac ion channels of the rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium current Ikr. This antiarrhythmic agent prolongs cardiac action potential duration and effective refractory period due to delayed repolarization without affecting conduction velocity. This results in a normal sinus rhythm. Dofetilide is used in the treatment of atrial fibrillation and flutter.

Procaine hydrochloride (Novocaine HCl) is the hydrochloride salt form of procaine, a benzoic acid derivative with local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic properties. Procaine binds to and inhibits voltage-gated sodiumchannels, thereby inhibiting the ionic flux required for the initiation and conduction of impulses. In addition, this agent increases electrical excitation threshold, reduces rate of rise of action potential and slows nerve impulse propagation thereby causing loss of sensation.

Ropivacaine (LEA-103 HCl) is a local anaesthetic drug belonging to the amino amide group.

Bupivacaine hydrochloride (Vivacaine) is a long-acting, amide-type local anesthetic. Bupivacaine hydrochloride reversibly binds to specific sodium ion channels in the neuronal membrane, resulting in a decrease in the voltage-dependent membrane permeability to sodium ions and membrane stabilization; inhibition of depolarization and nerve impulse conduction; and a reversible loss of sensation.

Ropivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate (LEA-103 HCl) is an anaesthetic agent and blocks impulse conduction in nerve fibres through inhibiting sodium ion influx reversibly.

Proparacaine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of proparacaine, a benzoic acid derivative with local anesthetic property. Proparacaine hydrochloride (Proparacaine HCl) stabilizes the neuronal membrane by binding to and inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels, thereby inhibiting sodium ion influx required for the initiation and conduction of impulses within the neuronal cell, and resulting in a loss of sensation.

Nadolol-d9 (Mixture of Diastereomers) is a deuterated compound of Nadolol. Nadolol has a CAS number of 42200-33-9. Nadolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic activities. Nadolol competitively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors located in the heart and vascular smooth muscle, inhibiting the activities of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine and producing negative inotropic and chronotropic effects. This agent exhibits antiarrhythmic activity via the impairment of atrioventricular (AV) node conduction and a corresponding reduction in sinus rate. In the kidney, inhibition of the beta-2 receptor within the juxtaglomerular apparatus results in the inhibition of renin production and a subsequent reduction in angiotensin II and aldosterone levels, thus inhibiting angiotensin II-dependent vasoconstriction and aldosterone-dependent water retention.

N-methyltaxol C and paclitaxel can produce a positive inotropic effect in papillary muscle, without alterations in the action potential. They can induced conduction arrhythmias and reduce coronary flow and left ventricular systolic pressure in the isolate

Ropivacaine mesylate, a long-acting amide local anaesthetic, is used for spinal block and effectively mitigates neuropathic pain. It achieves analgesia by reversibly inhibiting sodium ion influx in nerve fibers, thus blocking impulse conduction. Additionally, Ropivacaine acts as an inhibitor of the K2P (two-pore domain potassium channel) TREK-1, exhibiting an IC50 of 402.7 μM in COS-7 cell membranes.

Stilbamidine dihydrochloride is a blocker of neuromuscular transmission and axonal conduction used to study the distribution of the drug in the organs and tissues of rats following intravenous injection.

Mesotrin is a calcium antagonist that influences atrial and ventricular conduction, but has been linked with side effects of euphoria, ventigo and heavyheadedness.

Etripamil (MSP-2017) hydrochloride is a fast-acting L-type calcium channel blocker used in the study of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). By inhibiting calcium ion influx through slow calcium channels, etripamil hydrochloride slows atrioventricular nodal conduction and extends the atrioventricular nodal refractory period.

PF-06807656 is insensitive to the introduction of the N171D mutation in the ROMK conduction pore that greatly diminishes the activity of other small-molecule inhibitors. PF-06807656 is an effective ROMK inhibitor (Tl+ flux IC50 = 160 nM).

Adaprolol maleate is a beta-blocker and opthalmic which may be used in the treatment of Glaucoma or other ailments of the eye. Adaprolol has marked electrophysiologic effects. Its major action was on sinus node; it prolonged the basic sinus cycle length and had significant effect on intrinsic automaticity as reflected by the prolonged corrected sinus node recovery time and sinuatrial conduction time. There was, also, direct effect on atrial function and AV nodal function. Adaprolol prolonged the effective refractory period of the His-Purkinje system and the ventricle. The potency of adaprolol's electrophysiologic effects are higher compared to other widely used beta-blockers. Adaprolol appears to be a potent beta-blocker with particularly strong antiarrhythmic effect and it would be very useful in the treatment of both supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias and ectopic beats.

Ropivacaine hydrochloride (Ropivacaine monohydrochloride) is the hydrochloride salt of ropivacaine, a local anesthetic of the amide type with analgesic activity.

Nadolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic activities. Nadolol competitively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors located in the heart and vascular smooth muscle, inhibiting the activities of the catechola

6-FAM-AEEAC-SHK TFA, a peptide neurotoxin derived from Stichodactyla helianthus and conjugated with a fluorescent marker, selectively blocks voltage-gated potassium channels (kv1.1 and kv1.2). By prolonging action potentials, it interferes with neural signal conduction, making it valuable in neuroscience research.

Melanotan II acetate is an agonist of melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R), MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R. It has been shown to improve recovery of sciatic nerve function after mechanical injury and increase cisplatin-induced decreases in sensory nerve conduction velocity. Melanotan II acetate increases oxygen consumption and protein levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue homogenates and decreases food intake, body weight, and serum levels of leptin, glucose, insulin, and cholesterol.

Hexylcaine HCl also called cyclaine or osmocaine, is a short-acting local anesthetic. It acts by inhibiting sodium channel conduction. Overdose can lead to headache, tinnitus, numbness and tingling around the mouth and tongue, convulsions, inability to breathe, and decreased heart function.

CVT-2759 is A potential partial agonist for A(1)-ADORs, and it may be useful to slow atrioventricular node conduction to reduce ventricular rate without causing the atrioventricular block, bradycardia, atrial arrhythmias, or vasodilation.

Vasopressin (argipressin), a cyclic nine-peptide synthesized by hypothalamic neurons, is one of the hormones involved in peptide prohormone synthesis. Vasopressin is involved in the regulation process of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, increasing the amount of solute free water reabsorbed from the renal tubule's colate back into the circulation, narrowing arteries to increase pressure, enhancing the stimulating effect of corticotropin releasing factor to regulate pituitary corticotropin secretion. Vasopressin acts as a neurotransmitter during nerve conduction by binding to specific G-protein-coupled receptors.

Ibutilide Fumarate (U70226E) is the fumarate salt form of ibutilide, a class III antiarrhythmic agent. Ibutilide exerts its effect by activating a slow, inward, predominately sodium current rather than by blocking outward potassium currents. This results in prolongation of atrial and ventricular action potential duration and refractory periods. Ibutilide slightly decreases the sinus rate and atrioventricular (AV) conduction and produces a dose-related prolongation of the QT interval.