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AChE BuChE-IN-4 is a multi-target AChE BuChE inhibitor with oral activity and blood-brain barrier permeability, with IC50 values of 2.08 and 7.41 μM for AChE and BuChE, respectively.

BuChE-IN-TM-10 (TM-10) is a potent inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) with an IC50 of 8.9 nM. It effectively inhibits and disaggregates self-induced Aβ aggregation, exhibits significant antioxidant activity, and demonstrates substantial penetration through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), holding promise as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease.

BuChE-IN-15, a chemical compound, exhibits potent inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 81 nM and 400 nM, respectively. It also demonstrates good blood-brain barrier permeability and neuroprotective properties, making it suitable for research in Alzheimer's disease.

AChE BuChE-IN-6 (Compound 11f) is an inhibitor of AChE and BuChE, with IC50 values of 1.24 and 1.85 μg mL, respectively. It exhibits strong DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 3.15 μg mL). In vivo toxicity studies demonstrate that AChE BuChE-IN-6 is safe, showing no significant differences in blood and biochemical parameters compared to controls, and no abnormalities in liver and kidney tissues. This compound shows potential for Alzheimer's disease research.

BuChE-IN-16 (Compound 6a) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable, and selective BuChE inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.33 μM. It exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) zebrafish models, and alleviates scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. BuChE-IN-16 is applicable for Alzheimer's disease research.

AChE BuChE-IN-2 (Compound 5f) is an orally active inhibitor of AChE and BuChE with IC50 values of 0.72 μM and 0.16 μM, respectively, and can cross the BBB. AChE BuChE-IN-2 shows potent inhibition of self-induced β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation with an IC50 of 62.52 μM and demonstrates non-competitive inhibition with AChE [1].

BuChE-IN-6 (compound 1b) is a highly effective and specific inhibitor of BuChE (butyrylcholinesterase), with IC50 values of 0.46 μM for eqBuChE and 0.51 μM for hBuChE. Additionally, it inhibits the self-aggregation of Aβ 42 [1].

BuChE-IN-5 (compound 25b) is a highly potent BuChE inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.94 μM, effectively inhibiting Aβ and tau protein aggregation in Escherichia coli, and demonstrating significant free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity, making it a valuable tool for Alzheimer's disease research [1].

BuChE-IN-1 (Compound 23) is a potent, highly blood-brain barrier-permeable, low cytotoxicity inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), with potential applications in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research.

BuChE-IN-3 (Compound C4) is a potent inhibitor of BuChE (IC50: 8.3 nM), as well as a mild antioxidant, non-toxic, lipophilic, and neuroprotective agent.

BuChE-IN-4 is a potent inhibitor of BuChE (IC50: 7.7 nM) and exhibits mild antioxidant capacity, non-toxicity, lipophilicity and neuroprotective effects.

BuChE-IN-2 is an excellent inhibitor of butylcholinesterase (BuChE) with IC50 values of 1.28 μM for BuChE and 0.67 μM for NO. It inhibits Aβ aggregation, ROS formation, and Cu2+ chelation, shows proper blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, and is suitable for Alzheimer's disease research.

AChE BuChE-IN-3 is a potent inhibitor of AChE (IC50: 0.65 μM) and BuChE (IC50: 5.77 μM) that crosses the blood-brain barrier and inhibits the aggregation of Aβ1-42, suitable for Alzheimer's disease research.

AChE BuChE-IN-1, a selective butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitor derived from chrysin, exhibits a potent efficacy with an IC50 of 0.48 μM against BuChE and a lesser inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with an IC50 of 7.16 μM. It demonstrates significant hydroxyl radical (·OH) scavenging activity, achieving an IC50 of 0.1674 μM, and effectively inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Aβ 1-42 aggregation, including self-aggregation, copper (Cu 2+)-induced, and AChE-induced aggregation. Characterized by high blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, bioavailability, and low cellular toxicity, AChE BuChE-IN-1 holds promising potential for Alzheimer's disease (AD) research.

BuChE-IN-7 is a selective inhibitor targeting human butyrylcholinesterase (hBuChE) and equine butyrylcholinesterase (eqBuChE), demonstrating IC50 values of 40 nM and 80 nM, respectively. Demonstrating the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, BuChE-IN-7 enhances cognitive functions and specifically augments situational and phobic memory, exhibiting a preference for novelty.

AChE BuChE MAO-B-IN-2 (compound 4b) is a potent inhibitor of AChE, BuChE, and hu MAO-B, with respective IC50 values of 5.3 μM, 12.4 μM, and 1.9±0.08 μM, indicating good in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. It effectively reduces excessive AChE and BuChE levels associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and holds potential for anti-Alzheimer's research [1].

BuChE-IN-8 (compound 19c), a butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitor, exhibits an IC50 value of 559 nM and concurrently inhibits human β-secretase (BACE1) and Aβ40 aggregation. It also demonstrates notable antiamnesic properties [1].

BuChE-IN-9 (compound 22a), an eqBuChE (equine serum-derived butyrylcholinesterase) inhibitor, exhibits potent activity with an IC50 of 173 nM. In addition to eqBuChE, it also inhibits human BACE1, Aβ aggregation, and mouse GABA transporters 1 and 4 (mGAT1 and mGAT4). Notably, BuChE-IN-9 demonstrates significant antiamnesic properties [1].

BuChE-IN-12 is a selective BuChE inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.52 µM, acting on the CAS and PAS sites and potentially counteracting oxidative stress. It can be utilized in research related to Alzheimer's disease.

BuChE-IN-13 (compound 3) is a BuChE inhibitor that exhibits anti-Alzheimers activity. It is utilized in the research of neurodegenerative diseases.

hAChE hBuChE GSK-3β-IN-1 (Compound 6c) is a multi-target compound designed for Alzheimer's treatment capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. It inhibits hAChE with an IC50 of 28.88 nM, hBuChE with an IC50 of 131.90 nM, and GSK-3β with an IC50 of 51.42 nM. Additionally, it acts as an inhibitor of tau protein and Aβ protein aggregation.

hAChE hBuChE-IN-1 (compound C2) acts as a dual inhibitor of cholinesterases, exhibiting IC50 values of 514 nM for hAChE and 358 nM for hBuChE. It is orally active and capable of enhancing cognitive function and spatial memory.

eeAChE eqBuChE-IN-1 (compound 3F) serves as a reversible dual inhibitor of eeAChE eqBuChE, exhibiting IC50 values of 1.3 μM and 0.81 μM, respectively. In addition, this compound demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties and provides neuroprotective effects against Aβ25-35-induced injury in PC12 cells [1].

(S)-(-)-O-Demethylbuchenavianine (Compound (S)-(−)-1), a flavonoidal alkaloid, serves as a potent inhibitor of CDKs, exhibiting IC 50 values of 0.03 μM for CDK1 and 0.05 μM for CDK5, respectively.