bilayer

1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) is a synthetic phospholipid utilized in liposomes for the study of lipid monolayers and bilayers.

1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (Palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine) is a phospholipid commonly found in cell membranes, with cholesterol compositions ranging from 0 to 60 mol%.

(-)-Epicatechin gallate ((-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate) is one of the catechin isomers and a potent antioxidant that can modulate a wide range of membrane proteins. Its bilayer-modifying potency was tested using gramicidin A (gA) channels as probes. All the catechins alter gA channel function and modify bilayer properties, with a 500-fold range in potency. The gallate group causes current block, as evident by brief downward current transitions.

1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine (1,2-DSPE) is a phosphatidylethanolamine (PE or GPEtn). The stearic acid moieties are derived from animal fats, cocoa butter, and sesame oil. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling.

C16 Sphingomyelin (d18:1/16:0) (N-Palmitoyl-D-sphingomyelin) is a phospholipid analog of phospholipid bilayer membranes, which can be used to study biofilm activity.

Cholesterol (Water Soluble) is a chemically modified, aqueous-soluble formulation of cholesterol that is experimentally utilized for investigating the specific effects of cholesterol enrichment or depletion on the biophysical properties and functional characteristics of potassium currents in inner hair cells (IHCs), given that cholesterol is an essential component of the plasma membrane that regulates the activity and kinetics of ion channels embedded within the lipid bilayer.

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl ditetradecanoate (DMPE) is a phosphatidylethanolamine (PE or GPEtn), a glycerophospholipid with a phosphorylethanolamine moiety at a glycerol substitution site. DMPE comprises two myristic acid chains at the C-1 and C-2 positions, derived from nutmeg and butter. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature, key components of the cell lipid bilayer, and play roles in metabolism and signaling.

Ganglioside GM2 is a component of the cell membrane's glycosphingolipid bilayer and a human tumor antigen (OFA-I-1). It accumulates and increases in models of Sandhoff disease, Niemann-Pick disease, and Tay-Sachs disease, among others. Ganglioside GM2 binds to the integrin β1 receptor, activating the FAK/Src/Erk-MAPK signaling pathway, thereby promoting tumor cell migration and invasion.

(-)-Epicatechin gallate (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving (-)-Epicatechin gallate. (-)-Epicatechin gallate ((-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate) is one of the catechin isomers and a potent antioxidant that can modulate a wide range of membrane proteins. Its bilayer-modifying potency was tested using gramicidin A (gA) channels as probes. All the catechins alter gA channel function and modify bilayer properties, with a 500-fold range in potency. The gallate group causes current block, as evident by brief downward current transitions.