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Naphthoresorcinol (1,3-Dihydroxynaphthalene) is a fluorescent dye with an excitation wavelength (λex) of 330 nm and an emission wavelength (λem) of 380 nm.

Direct Blue 1 (Pontamine sky blue), a counterstain for background autofluorescence in immunofluorescence histochemistry, structurally resembles glutamate and operates as a potent, competitive VGLUT inhibitor, not impacting plasma membrane transporters. This compound stands out as the inaugural small molecule PrP ligand to inhibit Aβ binding.

Diphenylterazine (DTZ) is a bioluminescent agent. It produces very little background of its own, giving it an excellent signal-to-noise ratio.

Sulfo-Cy5.5 Trifluoroacetate is a kind of cyano dye, which is very suitable for non-invasive in vivo near-infrared imaging, and is suitable for applications that require a low fluorescence background.

Cy5-DBCO is a near-infrared, anthocyanine fluorescent dye Cy5 (Cyanine 5) derivative with an excitation wavelength of 650 nm and an emission wavelength of 670 nm.DBCO-Sulfo-Cy5 contains a DBCO moiety, which can undergo SPAAC click chemistry with molecules that contain Azide moieties.

Ctrl-CF4-S2 is a control probe for the chemically modified Copper Fluor-4 (CF4), in which two of the four thioether ligands of the CF4 probe are replaced with methylene groups. Unlike CF4, which is a fluorescent probe used to detect the presence and distribution of copper ions, Ctrl-CF4-S2 does not respond to copper ions. This lack of response helps eliminate background signals from copper ions, thereby confirming whether the signals from CF4 accurately reflect the dynamic changes of copper ions within biological systems.

1-Hex-GlcNAlk, a metabolic chemical reporter molecule (MCR), is utilized in glycosylation studies. It demonstrates strong labeling capabilities above background levels, with almost no nonspecific chemical labeling observed in cell lysates.

Cy7-Paclitaxe1 is a compound formed by the conjugation of the near-infrared fluorescent dye Cy7 with Paclitaxel. Cy7 provides excellent tissue penetration and low background interference properties, enabling Cy7-Paclitaxe1 to produce strong fluorescence signals in vivo, demonstrating its distribution and metabolism within cells or tissues.

Cy5-tetrazine is a fluorescent dye derived from CY5, incorporating a tetrazine moiety. It is utilized for in vivo imaging and applications with low background interference. As a click chemistry reagent, Cy5-tetrazine contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing a TCO group.

QTZ, a coelenterazine analog with a 4-quinolinyl substitution at the C8 position of the imidazopyrazinone core [1], serves as a bioluminescence agent for in vivo imaging. This compound features red-shifted emission and produces minimal background interference.

AMC-GlcNAc (compound 1) serves as a potent fluorogenic probe for the detection and characterization of β-hexosaminidase enzyme activity, offering continuous monitoring through turn-on fluorescence. Its fluorescence signal remains stable across a broad pH spectrum (Ex=325 nm, Em=390 nm). This compound facilitates ratiometric fluorescence detection with heightened sensitivity and minimal background, suitable for screening recombinant dispersin B activity in E. coli cell lysate [1].

BHQ3 Maleimide is a fluorescent probe that eliminates background fluorescence and can be used for protein labeling, nucleic acid labeling and cellular imaging.

Cyanine5.5 amine (Cy 5.5 amine), a Cy5.5 analogue, functions as a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye with excitation and emission wavelengths of 648 nm and 710 nm, respectively. This compound is utilized in synthesizing Cy5.5-labeled nanoparticles, facilitating tracking and imaging through confocal microscopy with minimal fluorescence background, as evidenced in studies [1] [2].

Di-12-ANEPPQ, a fast-responding membrane potential dye, exhibits cell-specific loading and Golgi-like staining patterns with minimal background fluorescence in slices of neocortex and hippocampus [1].

Fl-DIBO (fluorogenic dibenzocyclooctyne) serves as a selective fluorescent probe with high sensitivity for azide compounds, rapidly forming highly fluorescent products upon reaction. These products showcase a maximum emission wavelength of 469 nm alongside an excitation wavelength of 363 nm. Fl-DIBO is particularly useful for labeling diazo-tagged proteins, maintaining clarity by avoiding detectable background signal interference [1] [2]. As a click chemistry reagent, Fl-DIBO contains an Alkyne group and is capable of undergoing copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with Azide-containing molecules.

1) Non-toxicity: The unique oiliness and high molecular weight characteristics of CelRed prevent it from penetrating cell membranes into cells, and Ames test results also show that the mutagenicity of CelRed dye is much less than EB. 2) High sensitivity:

1) Non-toxicity: belong to flower-stem dye, easy to biodegrade, no carcinogenic toxicity. 2) High sensitivity: at least 100pg ssDNA or RNA can be detected, which is 25 ~ 100 times higher than EB staining. 3) High SIGNal-to-noise ratio: the sample fluorescence signal is strong, while the background signal is low. 4) Simple operation: like EB, the dye does not degrade in the prefabricated gel and electrophoresis process;The dyeing process after electrophoresis takes only 30 minutes without decoloring or washing, and can be observed directly with ultraviolet gel transmission or visible light transmission.