angiogenesis

Formononetin (Flavosil) is an O-methylated isoflavone and a phytoestrogen from the root of Astragalus membranaceus.

Silymarin (Silybin B) (Silybin B) is a polyphenolic flavonoid that extracts from the milk thistle or seeds of Silybum marianum. It is used in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases.

Isoliquiritin apioside, isolated from Glycyrrhizae radix rhizome, significantly decreases PMA-induced increases in MMP9 activities and suppresses PMA-induced activation of MAPK and NF-κB. Isoliquiritin apioside auppresseses invasiveness and angiogenesis o

(Rac)-Arnebin 1 (beta, beta-dimethylacrylshikonin) has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-immune deficiency and protecting liver.

Penicillamine (Artamine), possessing antineoplastic properties, induces apoptosis by a p53-mediated mechanism and inhibits angiogenesis by chelating with copper, a cofactor for angiogenesis. Artamine is a beta dimethyl analog of the amino acid cysteine. As a degradation product of penicillin antibiotics, Artamine chelates with heavy metals and increases their urinary excretion.

2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2) is an orally bioavailable estradiol metabolite with potential antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol inhibits angiogenesis by reducing endothelial cell proliferation and inducing endothelial cell apoptosis. This agent also inhibits tumor cell growth by binding to tubulin, resulting in antimitotic activity, and by inducing caspase activation, resulting in cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis.

Tanshinone IIA (Tanshinone B) is a diterpene quinone natural product that targets the protein kinase domain of VEGF/VEGFR2. Tanshinone IIA inhibits angiogenesis and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and therapeutic activities against coronary heart disease.

Royal Jelly acid (Queen Bee Acid) inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis, cell migration, and proliferation.

beta-Escin is a natural mixture of triterpenoid saponins isolated from horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) seeds, can be used as a vasoprotective anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous and anti-nociceptive agent.

Solenopsin HCl is an alkaloid extracted from fire ants, inhibiting phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling and angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner, affecting cardiovascular function, and used in cardiovascular disease research.

Chlorahololide D is a natural lindane-type sesquiterpene dimer and selective potassium channel blocker that stimulates reactive oxygen species ROS levels to cause cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase, modulates Bcl-2 and Bax and FAK, thereby inhibiting MCF-7 cell growth and triggering apoptosis. Chlorahololide D inhibits tumor proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in in vivo experiments and has anti-breast cancer potential.

Terrestrosin D can induce apoptotic cell death and inhibit angiogenesis in xenograft tumor cells, cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells and endothelial cells might be plausible mechanisms of actions for the observed antitumor and an

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) possess an ability to inhibit the lung metastasis of tumor cells via inhibition of the adhesion and invasion of tumor cells. It inhibits the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC) and has anti-angiogenesis activities.

Halofuginone specifically inhibits collagen type I gene expression and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) gene expression, which may result in the suppression of angiogenesis, tumor stromal cell development, and tumor cell growth. Halofuginone Hydrobromide is the hydrobromide salt of halofuginone, a semisynthetic quinazolinone alkaloid anticoccidial derived from the plant Dichroa febrifuga, with antifibrotic and potential antineoplastic activities. These effects appear to be due to halofuginone-mediated inhibition of the collagen type I and MMP-2 promoters. Collagen type I and MMP-2 play important roles in fibroproliferative diseases.

Scopolin (Scopoloside) formation is increased by the enhanced activity of PAL. Scopolin can reduce the clinical symptoms of rat AIA by inhibiting inflammation and angiogenesis, and this compound may be a potent agent for angiogenesis related diseases and can serve as a structural base for screening more potent synthetic analogs.

Theaflavin 3,3'-digallate, a major polyphenol found in black tea, is an inducer of oxidative stress which has anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive actions, it reduces tumor angiogenesis by downregulating HIF-1αand VEGF.

1. 6-Shogaol (6-Shogaol) has antipyretic and analgesic effects in addition to inhibitory effect on lipoxygenase activity. 2. 6-shogaol has anti-inflammatory property, reduces the inflammatory response and protected the femoral cartilage from damage produced in a CFA monoarthritic model of the knee joint of rats. 3. 6-Shogaol inhibits the growth of human cancer cells and induces apoptosis in COLO 25 cells through modulation of mitochondrial functions regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). 4. 6-Shogaol effectively inhibit invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through diverse molecular mechanisms, including inhibition of the MAPK and PI3k Akt pathways and NF-κB and STAT3 activities to suppress expression of MMP-2 -9 and uPA and block angiogenesis, could further regulate urokinase-type plasminogen activity.

3'- O- Acetylhamaudol, isolated from the roots of Angelica japonica, exhibits anti-tumor activity through dual actions, anti-angiogenesis and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte activation.

Aclacinomycin A hydrochloride (Aclarubicin HCl) is an anthracycline antibiotic and inhibitor of topoisomerase I II, interfering with DNA transcription and replication, inhibiting tumour invasion and angiogenesis, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibiting the catalytic centre of the 20S proteasome. It is indicated for the treatment of relapsed leukaemia and advanced malignant lymphoma.

Borrelidin (Treponemycin) is a nitrogen-containing macrolide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces rochei, which inhibits sugar-acyl-tRNA synthetase. It exhibits anticancer, antifungal, and anti-angiogenesis activities, inhibiting tumor growth and lung metastasis.

Ganoderic acid F exhibits antitumor and antimetastatic activities through inhibition of angiogenesis and alteration of proteins involving cell proliferation and or cell death, carcinogenesis, oxidative stress, calcium signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum

Cytochalasin E is a potent actin depolymerization agent and an epoxide containing Aspergillus-derived fungal metabolite. Cytochalasin E also inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth. It binds and caps the barbed end of actin filaments to prevent actin elong

Lactacystin is an orally active, irreversible, and cell-permeable proteasome inhibitor (IC50 = 4.8 μM) that also inhibits the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin A. It induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, possesses anticancer, antiviral, and antioxidant activities, can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and is commonly used in the construction of Parkinson’s disease and dementia models.

(Z)-Guggulsterone inhibits the growth of human prostate cancer cells by causing apoptosis. Z-guggulsterone inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing the VEGF–VEGF-R2–Akt signaling axis.