anemia

Ferrous Bisglycinate (Bisglycine iron(II) salt) is used in the fortification of infant formulations and foods.

PF-04447943 (Edelinontrine) is a potent and selective phosphodiesterase 9A inhibitor with an IC50 of 12 nM, which is 78-fold more selective than that used for other PDE family members (IC50>1000 nM).PF-04447943 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, attenuates inflammatory responses by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and modulating T-cell polarization, and may be useful for research on sickle cell anemia.

Velaresol (BW 12C79) is used for the study of tumors, sickle cell anemia and digestive disorders.

Hepcidin antagonist-1 is an iron-modulating antagonist.Hepcidin antagonist-1 can be used to study metabolic disorders such as iron-deficiency diseases and anemia.

Folic acid is an orally active essential nutrient involved in the synthesis of DNA RNA and the production and maintenance of new cells. It exhibits antidepressant-like effects and can reduce the risk of neural tube defects in newborns. Folate deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia, macrocytic anemia, neural tube closure defects, tumors, and aging-related diseases. Folic acid is also commonly used in research on folate deficiency-related conditions and to induce acute kidney injury models.

Busulfan is an alkylating antineoplastic agent derived from dimethane sulfonate, with cytotoxic and immunosuppressive properties. It primarily acts by forming carbonium ions in vivo, which induce cross-linking between DNA strands or between DNA and proteins, leading to DNA damage, inhibition of DNA replication, and suppression of RNA transcription. In addition, Busulfan can inhibit thioredoxin reductase and induce apoptosis. It is commonly used as a myeloablative agent in preconditioning regimens for bone marrow transplantation and can also be used to establish anemia models.

Cyanocobalamin is a cobalt-containing coordination compound generated by intestinal microbes and a natural water-soluble vitamin of the B-complex family that must combine with Intrinsic Factor for absorption by the intestine. Cyanocobalamin is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA, and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. B12 improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. B12 metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) deficiency causes pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and neurologic lesions.

Phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium) is used orally as a urinary tract analgesic. Side effects of phenazopyridine hydrochloride administration can include nausea, interference with the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells (methemoglobinemia), hemolytic anemia as well as renal and hepatic toxicity. It is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate (D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate), also known as Fosfructose, is a cytoprotective natural sugar phosphate. It functions by promoting anaerobic glycolysis, which generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) under ischemic conditions. This compound holds potential for research in cardiovascular ischemia, sickle cell anemia, and asthma.

D-Tagatose (D-(-)-Tagatose), a rare natural hexoketose and isomer of D-galactose, occurs naturally in Sterculia setigera gum and is found in small quantities in various foods such as sterilized and powdered cow's milk, hot cocoa, and various cheeses, yogurts, and other dairy products. It can be synthesized from D-galactose by isomerization under alkaline conditions in the presence of calcium. D-Tagatose has numerous health benefits, including promotion of weight loss, no glycemic effect, anti-plaque, non-cariogenic, anti-halitosis, prebiotic, and anti-biofilm properties; it is beneficial for organ transplants, enhancement of flavor, improvement of pregnancy and fetal development, treatment of obesity, and reduction in symptoms associated with type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, anemia, and hemophilia. (PMID: 17492284).

TriacetonaMine (Vincubine) protects the activitis of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and creatine phos-phate kinase (CPK); it also inhibits CaCl2 induced agglomeration of thromocyte. Triacetonamine can improve the constructile function of heart mus-cles of acute anemia and decrease the content of malodialdehyde (MDA) in the heart muscles.

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt (5'-GDP-Na2) is a nucleoside diphosphate, is a potential iron mobilizer, which prevents the hepcidin-ferroportin interaction and modulating the interleukin-6 (IL-6) stat-3 pathway.

Senicapoc (ICA-17043) is a potent inhibitor of the Gardos channel that ameliorates RBC dehydration in the SAD mouse. It blocks Ca2+-induced rubidium flux from human RBCs with an IC50 value of 11 ± 2 nM (CLT IC50 = 100 ± 12 nM) and inhibits RBC dehydration with an IC50 of 30 ± 20 nM. Senicapoc is used in the treatment of Sickle Cell Disease and Sickle Cell Anemia.

NCGC00029283 is a potent inhibitor of Werner syndrome helicase-nuclease (WRN), displaying inhibitory activity against WRN helicase with an IC 50 value of 2.3 μM. Additionally, it exhibits inhibitory effects on Bloom syndrome protein helicase (BLM) and Fanconi anemia group J protein helicase (FANCJ) with IC 50 values of 12.5 μM and 3.4 μM, respectively.

Tafenoquine (WR 238605) is an antimalarial prophylactic agent with schizonticidal activity, useful in hemolytic anemia research.

Ferric maltol (Iron(III) 2-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyran-3-olate) is a ferric, non-salt-based oral iron formulation demonstrating improved tolerance in patients with previous intolerance to other iron formulations.

Hydroxocobalamin acetate is used as a dietary supplement in the treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency including pernicious anemia. Hydroxocobalamin, an injectable naturally occurring form of vitamin B12 with a favorable adverse effect profile, is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cyanide toxicity.

Enarodustat (JTZ-951) is an orally active factor inhibitor of prolyl hydroxylase (EC50: 0.22 μM) and has the potential for renal anemia treatment.

GSK-626616 is a potent and orally bioavailable DYRK3 inhibitor (IC50: 0.7 nM). It inhibits other members of the DYRK family with similar potency. GSK-626616 is a potential therapy for the treatment of anemia.

Taribavirin hydrochloride is an orally active inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor designed to concentrate within the liver to target HCV-infected hepatocytes, while minimizing distribution within red blood cells and the development of hemolytic anemia [2].

Taribavirin is an orally active inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor designed to concentrate within the liver to target HCV-infected hepatocytes, while minimizing distribution within red blood cells (RBCs) and thereby reducing the risk of developing hemolytic anemia.

(S,R,S)-AHPC-C5-COOH (VH032-C5-COOH) is a synthesized conjugate for E3 ligase ligand-linker applications, combining the VH032 VHL-based ligand with a linker for PROTAC development. VH-032 is a selective and potent VHL HIF-1α interaction inhibitor with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 185 nM, offering potential in anemia and ischemic diseases research[1].

Butafenacil is an effective anemia inducer.

ZG-2033 (Compound 26) is an orally active HIF-2α agonist that exhibits nanomolar activity (EC50 = 490 nM) in a luciferase reporter assay. It demonstrates an anti-anemic effect and shows synergistic effects with AKB-6548 in anemia, making it useful for the study of renal anemia.