Secalonic acid D

Secalonic acid D, a toxic compound effective against tumor cells, is derived from the metabolites of Aspergillus aculeatus. It operates by activating GSK3-β and degrading β-catenin, consequently down-regulating c-Myc expression, arresting the cell cycle at the G1 phase, and inducing cell apoptosis [1] [2].

4,4′-Secalonic acid D (Compound 12) is a PARP1 inhibitor. By inhibiting PARP1, 4,4′-Secalonic acid D induces the accumulation of ROS and DNA damage, activating the caspase-3 GSDME pathway, which leads to tumor cell apoptosis (apoptosis) and pyroptosis (pyroptosis). It exhibits antitumor activity.