5trans latanoprost (free acid)

Latanoprost is an F-series prostaglandin (PG) analog which has been approved for use as an ocular hypotensive drug. Latanoprost is an isopropyl ester, a prodrug form which is converted to latanoprost (free acid) by endogenous esterase enzymes. The free acid form is 200 times more potent than latanoprost as a ligand for the human recombinant FP receptor. 5-trans Latanoprost (free acid) is an isomer of latanoprost (free acid) wherein the double bond between carbons 5 and 6 has been changed from cis (Z) to trans (E). The trans isomer of latanoprost occurs as an impurity in commercial preparations of the bulk drug product. The present compound was prepared primarily as an analytical standard for detection and quantitation of this impurity. From what can be inferred from the study of other trans isomers of F-type prostaglandins, the biological activity of this isomer is likely to be similar to that of the cis isomer. However, there are no specific published reports on the biological activity, and on reducing intraocular pressure in particular, of 5-trans latanoprost.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a uracil analog and inhibitor of DNA synthesis, exhibiting antitumor activity by affecting pyrimidine synthesis through thymidylate synthase inhibition; it induces apoptosis and autophagy.

Decitabine (Deoxycytidine) is a deoxycytidine analog, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor with oral activity. Decitabine has antitumor activity and antimetabolic activity. Decitabine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

Erastin is an iron death activator that acts on the mitochondrial VDAC in a ROS- and iron-dependent manner. Erastin has anti-tumor activity and acts selectively on tumor cells with RAS-carcinogenic mutations.

LY294002 (SF 1101) is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of PI3K, inhibiting PI3Kα, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kβ (IC50=0.5 0.57 0.97 μM). LY294002 is also an inhibitor of DNA-PK (IC50=1.4 μM) and an inhibitor of CK2 (IC50=98 nM). LY294002 activates apoptosis and autophagy.

(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a phenolic antioxidant polyphenol flavonoid found in plants such as green and black tea, which inhibits telomerase and DNA methyltransferase, blocks the activation of EGF receptors and HER-2 receptors, inhibits cellular oxidation, and prevents free radical damage to cells.

Staurosporine (AM-2282) is a protein kinase inhibitor with ATP-competitive and non-selective inhibitory activity (IC50=6 15 2 3 3000 nM) against PKC, PKA, c-Fgr, phosphorylase kinase and TAOK2. Staurosporine also induces apoptosis.

5-Aminosalicylic Acid (5-ASA) is an anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE.

Rutin (Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside), a flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic properties.

Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an N-acetyl derivative of cysteine, a ROS inhibitor and mucolytic agent. Acetylcysteine induces apoptosis, can be used to reduce mucus thickness, and has anti-influenza viral activity.

Corticosterone (Kendall's compound B) is an adrenocortical steroid with salocorticoid and glucocorticoid activity that is orally active. Corticosterone is involved in the regulation of energy, immune responses, and stress responses in the body.

5-HT1A modulator 1 exhibits high affinities for the 5-HT1A, α1-adrenergic receptor, and D2 receptor (IC50s = 2 nM, 10 nM, and 40 nM).

5-HT2 antagonist 1 is a potent 5-HT2 receptor antagonist with weak α1 adrenoceptor blocking activity.

Gusacitinib (ASN-002) (ASN-002) is spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor (IC50: 5-46 nM).

Resveratrol (SRT 501) is a polyphenolic natural product, a plant antitoxin with antioxidant and chemopreventive activities. Resveratrol has a wide range of targets including COX, SIRT, LOC, etc. Resveratrol induces autophagy and apoptosis.

Kainic acid is a potent excitotoxic agent and an agonist of ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes in the central nervous system, capable of inducing seizure animal models.

Adezmapimod (SB 203580) is a selective, ATP-competitive p38 MAPK inhibitor (IC50=0.3-0.5 μM) that activates autophagy and mitochondrial autophagy, with more than 100-fold higher selectivity over PKB, LCK, and GSK-3β.

Empagliflozin (BI 10773) is an SGLT-2 inhibitor (IC50=3.1 nM) that is potent and selective, with more than 300-fold selectivity for SGLT-1 4 5 6. Empagliflozin is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

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LDN193189 (LDN-193189) (DM 3189) is a selective BMP signaling inhibitor, inhibiting the transcriptional activity of ALK2 and ALK3 (IC50s: 0.8 0.8 5.3 16.7 nM for ALK1 2 3 6).

DMH-1 is a potent and selective Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) inhibitor.

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