()Alkannin

(-)-Alkannin (Shikonin) is a natural red naphthoquinone pigment, has antimicrobial, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory effects; a purified shikonin preparation is widely used for the production of medicinals, cosmetics, and some food products; shikonin also enters into the antiinflammatory ointment and cream compositions used for the treatment of burns. It can suppress the cell viability, adhesion, invasion and migratory ability of MGC-803 cells through TLR2- or NF-κB-mediated pathway.

Alkannin is a potent and specific inhibitor of tumor-specific pyruvate kinase-M2 (PKM2) without affecting PKM1 or pyruvate kinase-L (PKL), making it a potential anticancer agent [1].

Isobutyryl alkannin is a natural product that can be used in related research in the field of life sciences. Its product number is TN8780.

Acetylalkannin (Alkannin acetate), an isohexenylnaphthazarin pigment extracted from Arnebia euchroma, exhibits antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties.

1. Acetylshikonin exhibits weak cytotoxicity against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with IC5 of over 2 microM, exhibits the antiangiogenic and antitumorigenic effects by suppressing proliferation and angiogenic factors. 2. Acetylshikonin inhibits the generation of NADPH oxidase complex in the activation of respiratory burst of PMNs, but does not directly inhibit the activity of NADPH oxidase already generated. 3. Certain shikonin derivatives(such as Acetylshikonin) act as modulators of the Nur77-mediated apoptotic pathway and identify a new shikonin-based lead that targets Nur77 for apoptosis induction. 4. Acetylshikonin, shikonin, and alkannin have accelerative effect on the proliferation of granulation tissue in rats. 5. Acetylshikonin has inhibitory effect on the edematous response is due neither to the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal gland nor to the glucocorticoid activity, but probably partly to the suppression of mast cell degranulation and partly to protection of the vasculature from mediator challenge. 6. Acetylshikonin induces apoptosis of hepatitis B virus X protein-expressing human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Angelylalkannin, a naphthoquinone compound isolated from the roots of Alkanna tinctoria, exhibits significant antiproliferative effects on human colon cancer cells HCT-116 and SW-480. The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Angelylalkannin is 4.76 mM for HCT-116 cells and 7.03 mM for SW-480 cells. Similar to alkannin, Angelylalkannin induces cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and cell apoptosis at concentrations ranging from 1-10 mM.