Mitochondria

MitoSOX Red is a novel fluorescent probe that is specific and cell membrane-permeable and targets mitochondria in living cells.MitoSOX Red is oxidized by superoxide upon entry into the mitochondria and is not oxidized by other ROS or RNS-generating systems.MitoSOX Red then binds to nucleic acids in the mitochondrion and produces a strong red fluorescence.MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator for the specific detection of superoxide.MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator for the specific detection of superoxide. MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator to specifically detect superoxide. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) prevents the oxidation of MitoSOX Red.

JC-1 (CBIC2) is a fluorescent lipophilic carbonyl cyanine dye. JC-1 is used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential. When the mitochondrial membrane potential is relatively high, JC-1 converges in the matrix to form a polymer, which can produce red fluorescence (λex=585 nm, λem=590 nm). When the mitochondrial membrane potential is low, JC-1 cannot accumulate in the mitochondrial matrix and exists in the form of monomers to produce green fluorescence (λex=510 nm, λem=527 nm).

Rhodamine 123 is a fluorescent dye (λex=503 nm, λem=527 nm).

MitoSOX Red TFA (Mito-hydroethidine TFA) is a fluorescent probe that specifically targets mitochondria in living cells.MitoSOX Red is susceptible to oxidation by superoxide, but is not easily oxidized by other ROS or RNS-generating systems.MitoSOX Red acts as a fluorescent indicator and can be used for live cell imaging.

MKT-077 (FJ-776) is a cationic rhodacyanine dye that demonstrates antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines (EC50s: 1.4-2.2 μM in vitro) through its ability to inhibit members of the Hsp70 family of molecular chaperones.

TMRE (Tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester perchlorate) is a mitochondria specific dye (λex: 550 nm, λem: 575 nm).

DiSC3(5) is a lipophilic cationic fluorescent probe sensitive to changes in membrane potential. 3,3'-Dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide accumulates in hyperpolarized cell membranes, leading to fluorescence quenching; when the membranes are depolarized, the dye is released from the cells and the fluorescence intensity is enhanced, which is used for real-time monitoring of mitochondrial membrane potential changes and membrane hyperpolarization. The maximum excitation emission wavelength was 622 670 nm.

TMRM Perchlorate (T668) is a cell-permeant cationic lipophilic red fluorescent dye (λex=530 nm, λem=592 nm).

Rhodamine 800 is a near-infrared fluorescent dye.

Rhodamine 6G (Basic Red 1) is a rhodamine analog useful in Pgp efflux assays. It can be widely used in characterizing the kinetics of MRP1- mediated efflux as a laser dye and potential mitochondrial probe.

MitoTracker Orange CMTMRos is a live cell fluorescent dye that labels mitochondria in living cells by mitochondrial membrane potential accumulation and is suitable for live cell imaging and apoptosis studies.

2-Di-1-ASP is a mono-stryryl dye and widely used as mitochondrial stain and groove-binding fluorescent probes for double-stranded DNA. It has selective for G-quadruplex (G4) and double-stranded DNA.

MitoPerOx is a ratiometric fluorescent probe that can be used to assess changes in lipid peroxidation within mitochondria. It is composed of a BODIPY fluorophore conjugated via a dienyl link to a triphenylphosphonium cation component that drives its accumulation in mitochondria. MitoPerOx displays an excitation maximum of 495 nm and exhibits a shift in emission maxima from 590 to 520 nm upon mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, enabling determination of ratiometric measurements of lipid peroxidation in live cells.

Rhod-2 AM is a fluorescent probe of the mitochondrion with λex of 552 nm and λem of 581 nm.

TMRM is a cell-permeant cationic lipophilic red fluorescent dye (λex: 530 nm, λem: 592 nm).

FIM-1, a fluorescent probe for protein kinase C (PKC), facilitates mitochondrial staining and serves as an ATP-competitive inhibitor at the catalytic site of PKC, effectively inhibiting its activity [1].

Mito-CCY, a mitochondria-targeted NIR-absorbing cryptocyanine probe, exhibits high photothermal conversion efficiency and good biological compatibility in vitro. Additionally, it demonstrates photoinduced cytotoxicity in HeLa cells [1].

HKSOX-1m (5 6-mixture) is a mitochondria-targeting O2 fluorescent probe with excitation emission wavelengths of 509 534 nm (green), offering exceptional selectivity and sensitivity for O2 across a wide pH range and in the presence of strong oxidants and prevalent reductants within cells.

Rhodamine 700 is an organic perchlorate salt and has a role as a fluorochrome.

MitoMark Green I is a green fluorescent mitochondrial stain [λmax ~ 490/516 nm].

Oxonol Blue is a staining dye that can be used as a monitor of membrane potential [1].

HKSOX-1m hydrobromide (5 6-mixture), a mitochondria-targeted O2•− fluorescent probe (Ex Em=509 534nm; green), demonstrates exceptional selectivity and sensitivity for O2•− across a wide pH spectrum, robustly distinguishing it from strong oxidants and prevalent cellular reductants [1].

HKOCl-4m is a rhodol-based fluorescent probe designed for the specific and deliberate targeting of mitochondria, enabling the monitoring of mitochondrial hypochlorous acid (HOCl).

MitoTracker Deep Red FM is a fluorescent dye that selectively accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix and covalently binds to mitochondrial proteins by reacting with free mercaptan of cysteine residues. This allows the staining of mitochondrial structures independent of membrane potential. Excitation emission wavelength: 644 665 nm [1]. Storage: Keep away from light.