Lysosome

NBD-PE is a lipid dye used primarily as a probe to study lipid organisation and dynamics within cell membranes and also to study membrane fusion by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), Ex=463 nm, Em=536 nm.

LysoTracker Red (LysoTracker Red DND-99) is a fluorescent probe compound for lysosomal capture, a transport substrate for P-glycoprotein, with a maximum excitation emission wavelength of 577 590 nm.LysoTracker Red can be used for the long-term tracking of acidic vesicles.

Neutral red is a vital dye, is used as an indicator and biological stain.

Lyso BD-1 predominantly colocalizes with lysosomes and lipid droplets, exhibiting exceptional photocytotoxicity (5.57 μM) against triple-negative breast cancer cells under white light irradiation. The emission wavelength of Lyso BD-1 is 560 nm.

DQ-BSA-Red is a bovine serum albumin (BSA) molecule labeled with a red fluorescent dye, designed for monitoring lysosomal activity. The excitation and emission wavelengths of DQ-BSA-Red are 590 nm and 620 nm, respectively. The BSA in DQ-BSA-Red is heavily tagged with the red fluorescent dye at multiple sites, leading to significant fluorescence self-quenching. Upon entry into the lysosome, DQ-BSA is cleaved by lysosomal proteases, resulting in the unquenching and release of fluorescent fragments that emit bright fluorescence. Conversely, functionally inactive lysosomes fail to degrade the BSA protein, thereby displaying lower or no fluorescence signal.

LysoTracker Yellow HCK 123 is an efficient yellow fluorescent probe that is membrane-permeable. It is a weakly basic amine that specifically accumulates in cellular compartments with low luminal pH. (λ ex =465 nm, λ em =535 nm) [1].

CTB Probe-1 (probe 1) serves as a small-molecule, lysosome-targeting fluorogenic probe designed for fluorescence imaging within living cells [1].

Green DND-26 is a lysosomal probe tagged with green fluorescence, displaying peak excitation and emission wavelengths at 504 511 nm. It consists of a fluorescein group and attached weak bases that can easily permeate the cell membrane and predominantly accumulate in spherical organelles. This compound is effective for examining lysosomal biosynthesis and associated pathogenesis [1].

Lyso Flipper-TR 29, a Flipper probe, specifically labels lysosomes and late endosomes. It achieves entry into these organelles by transient deprotonation, allowing it to cross their membranes in a neutral form [1].