MLK

Necrosulfonamide ((E)-Necrosulfonamide) is a necroptosis inhibitor that targets MLKL and is selective. Necrosulfonamide prevents the MLKL-RIP1-RIP3 necrosomal complex from interacting with its downstream effectors.

URMC-099 is an orally bioavailable, brain penetrant MLK inhibitor (IC50: 19/42/14/150 nM, for MLK1/MLK2/MLK3/DLK), and also inhibits LRRK2 activity (IC50: 11 nM).

LY-364947 (HTS466284) is a potent ATP-competitive inhibitor of TGFβR-I.

TC13172 is a potent and covalent inhibitor that specifically targets the mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), exhibiting significant selectivity for MLKL over the closely related receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 (RIPK1) and RIPK3 at a concentration of 10 µM.TC13172 effectively inhibits necroptosis induced by the TSZ combination (TNF-α, a Smac mimetic, and Z-VAD-FMK) in HT-29 cells with a EC50 of 2 nM and, at 100 nM, blocks TSZ-induced oligomerization and plasma membrane translocation of MLKL.

AZ7550, an active metabolite of AZD9291, inhibits the activity of IGF1R (IC50: 1.6 μM).

GW806742X is an inhibitor of Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like protein (MLKL) which binds the MLKL pseudokinase domain (Kd: 9.3 μM) with anti-necroptosis activity. GW806742X has activity against VEGFR2.

Cerdulatinib hydrochloride (PRT2070 hydrochloride) is an oral active, multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 12 nM 6 nM 8 nM 0.5 nM and 32 nM for JAK1 JAK2 JAK3 TYK2 and Syk, respectively. Also inhibits 19 other tested kinases with IC50 less than 200 nM.

IM-54 is a cell-permeable, effective, and selective necrosis inhibitor.

MLKL-IN-2 is an MLKL inhibitor with potential tumorigenic activity for the study of cellular necrosis-related diseases.

(E Z)-Necrosulfonamide is a novel inhibitor of MLKL.

P505-15 Acetate is a selective inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase that acts by suppressing leukocyte immune function and inflammation and leading to a reduction in arthritis score and attenuated histological damage.

PRT062607 hydrochloride (P505-15 Hydrochloride) is a selective inhibitor of Syk (IC50: 1 nM). It displays at least 80-fold selectivity for Syk over other kinases.

NecroX-2 is a cell-permeable necrosis inhibitor with antioxidant properties. NecroX-2 selectively suppresses necrotic cell death triggered by oxidative stress. NecroX-2 does not confer protection against apoptosis induced by staurosporine or etoposide but shows protective effects under conditions such as cold shock, hypoxia, and oxidative stress in vitro.

KWCN-41, a selective and efficient RIPK1 kinase inhibitor, exhibits an IC50 value of 88 nM. It specifically targets cell necrosis without affecting apoptosis and possesses anti-inflammatory properties [1].

NecroIr1, an iridium(III) complex, acts as a necroptosis inducer in Cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells (A549R). It selectively targets mitochondria, causing oxidative stress and reducing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). By activating receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 (RIPK3) and Mixed Lineage Kinase (MLKL), and modulating CDK4 expression, NecroIr1 facilitates cell death mechanisms [1].

MBA-m1 is an MLKL inhibitor that suppresses necroptosis in Mlkl−/−NIH-3T3 cells. Additionally, MBA-m1 alleviates disease conditions in mouse models of dermatitis and abdominal aortic aneurysm induced by MLKL.

NecroIr2, an iridium(III) complex, functions as a necroptosis inducer in cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells (A549R). It preferentially accumulates in mitochondria, causing oxidative stress and a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Moreover, NecroIr2 initiates the activation of receptor-interacting serine threonine kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL), while also regulating CDK4 expression [1].

MLKL-IN-1, a covalent inhibitor of MLKL, has a dissociation constant (Kd) of 50 μM.

SZM-1209 is a potent and specific RIPK1 inhibitor with oral activity, displaying a dissociation constant (Kd) of 85 nM. It demonstrates substantial anti-necroptotic efficacy with an EC50 of 22.4 ± 8.1 nM and possesses therapeutic effects against systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and acute lung injury (ALI) [1].

MLK-IN-1 (US20140256733A1, compound 68) is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK-3). It exhibits excellent brain penetration and specifically targets MLK-3.

PROTAC MLKL Degrader-1 (Compound 36) is a selective PROTAC degrader targeting MLKL, with a degradation maximum (D max) exceeding 90%. The compound incorporates modified cereblon (CRBN) ligands and a lenalidomide-linker within its structure, effectively inhibiting cell death in a TSZ-induced model of necroptosis.

MLK3-IN-1 (Compound 37) is a selective inhibitor of mixed-lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) with an IC50 of less than 1 nM. It also inhibits FAK with an IC50 of 15.5 μM. In both murine and human liver microsomes, MLK3-IN-1 demonstrates excellent metabolic stability.

TopoisomeraseI II inhibitor 8 (Compound Ru7) is a dual catalytic inhibitor of TopoisomeraseI II that induces DNA damage and activates PARP-1, leading to the activation of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL, ultimately causing necroptosis. It shows significant anticancer activity by effectively targeting cancer cell nuclei and inducing cell death through necroptosis, offering substantial clinical potential in overcoming resistance in cancer treatment.

Anticanceragent 267 (Compound 5q) serves as an activator of RIPK3 and MLKL. It effectively inhibits the proliferation of several cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 9.79, 10.77, and 5.94 μM for MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-486, and MCF-7, respectively. The compound induces cell cycle arrest at the subG1 phase and triggers necroptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, Anticanceragent 267 demonstrates antitumor activity in mouse xenograft models.