uveitis

Loteprednol etabonate (Lotemax) is an ophthalmic analog of the corticosteroid prednisolone with anti-inflammatory activity.

IRBP acetate(211426-18-5 free base) (Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein Fragment IRBP) is a 20-residue peptide, which is a major pathogenic epitope. It exists in the first homologous repeat of interstitial visual pigment Binding Protein peptide (IRBP 161-180) and can induce post-uveitis (EAU).

Natalizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody and a humanized monoclonal antibody inhibitor that selectively targets α4 integrin (CD49d). Natalizumab binds to the α4β1 heterodimer and blocks its interaction with vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. Natalizumab also prevents lymphocytes from entering the central nervous system, thereby preventing acute demyelinating relapses, and is used in the study of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and Crohn’s disease. Natalizumab possesses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity, inhibiting the adhesion, retention, and transendothelial migration of immune cells, and reducing the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the central nervous system or affected sites. Natalizumab is also being studied for autoimmune or inflammation-related diseases such as B-cell lymphoma and non-infectious uveitis.

Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein TFA is the amino acid residue 668 to 687 of human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP). It also induces uveitis.

Betamethasone 17-Propionate is a compound used in the study of its effects on endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats, capable of inhibiting cellular infiltration into the aqueous humor when administered topically or systemically at certain doses. However, compared to some other compounds, its inhibitory effects are relatively weaker. When administered systemically, the dosage is 1mg/kg. Additionally, in in vitro interleukin-8 (IL-8) release assays, Betamethasone 17-Propionate's suppression of IL-8 release from rat peritoneal exudate cells is less effective than that of betamethasone. Moreover, the concurrent addition of betamethasone dipropionate with Betamethasone 17-Propionate reduces the suppressive effects of betamethasone on cell infiltration and IL-1β gene expression.

PROTACBRD3 degrader-1 (compound D072) is a potent and selective PROTACBRD3 degrader. It specifically degrades BRD3 in mice, leading to downregulation of H3K18ac expression without affecting BRD2 or BRD4. This compound reduces intraocular inflammation in an experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) mouse model and inhibits pro-inflammatory microglia in both uveitis retinas and LPS-treated mouse microglial cell line BV2. PROTACBRD3 degrader-1 is applicable for uveitis research.

Betamethasone 21-phosphate is a synthetic glucocorticoid.1It prevents increases in macrophage and eosinophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and decreases in blood leukocyte numbers in a guinea pig model of parainfluenza-3 viral infection when administered at a dose of 8 mg/kg but does not prevent airway hyperresponsiveness after infection.2Betamethasone 21-phosphate inhibits cell infiltration into the aqueous humor in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis when administered topically or subcutaneously at doses of 0.01-1% or 1 mg/kg, respectively.3It increases maximal lung pressure volume curves in fetal sheep when administered to pregnant ewes at 0.75 gestation at doses of 80 and 170 μg/kg.1Betamethasone 21-phosphate increases body weight, impairs learning and memory, increases anxiolytic behavior, and reduces hippocampal neurogenesis in CD-1 mice but reduces body weight and increases neurogenesis with no effect on anxiety in high-anxiety DBA/2 mice when administered at a dose of approximately 25 mg/kg per day in the drinking water for seven weeks.4Formulations containing betamethasone 12-phosphate and betamethasone acetate have been used in the treatment of severe allergic conditions and a variety of immune-related conditions. 1.Loehle, M., Schwab, M., Kadner, S., et al.Dose-response effects of betamethasone on maturation of the fetal sheep lungAm. J. Obstet. Gynecol.202(2)186.e181-186.e187(2010) 2.Leusink-Muis, A., Ten Broeke, R., Folkerts, G., et al.Betamethasone prevents virus-induced airway inflammation but not airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigsClin. Exp. Allergy29(Suppl. 2)82-85(1999) 3.Tsuji, F., Sawa, K., Kato, M., et al.The effects of betamethasone derivatives on endotoxin-induced uveitis in ratExp. Eye Res.64(1)31-36(1997) 4.Aiello, R., Crupi, R., Leo, A., et al.Long-term betamethasone 21-phosphate disodium treatment has distinct effects in CD1 and DBA/2 mice on animal behavior accompanied by opposite effects on neurogenesisBehav. Brain Res.278155-166(2015)

SB-435495 is an orally active, selective and potent Lp-PLA2 inhibitor (IC50 of 0.06 nM) for the study of autoimmune uveitis and atherosclerosis.

IRBP-derived peptide R16, an active biological peptide, is a segment of the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) known to induce experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in susceptible animal strains.

R16, an interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP)-derived peptide, exhibits biological activity with the capability to induce experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in susceptible animal strains as a photoreceptor cell protein.

Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein(668-687) TFA, a peptide fragment corresponding to amino acids 668-687 of the human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), has been implicated in the induction of uveitis [1].

EBI-031 is a humanized antibody inhibitor targeting IL-6. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory inhibitor with excellent biological efficacy in treating eye diseases, such as non-infectious uveitis (NIU), retinal vascular diseases, and other conditions, including non-uveitic macular edema and diabetic macular edema.

Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein(668-687) TFA is the 668-687 amino acid residue of human Interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein(IRBP), which can induce uveitis.

Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (668-687) is an amino acid residue of human retinoid-binding protein (IRBP 668-687) that can induce uveitis.

Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein Fragment (IRBP 161-180) is a 20-residue peptide that acts as a major pathogenic epitope, located in the first homologous repeat of interstitial visual pigment Binding Protein, and can induce post-uveitis (EAU).

Peptide M acetate is a synthetic amino acid (18 amino acids in length which correspond to the amino acid positions 303-322 of bovine S-antigen: DTNLASSTIIKEGIDKTV). Peptide M acetate is capable of inducing experimental autoimmune uveitis in monkeys and Hartley guinea pigs as well as Lewis rats.