retina

DL-AP5 is the racemic form of a selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist with anticonvulsant effects.

All-trans-retinal (Vitamin A aldehyde) is a one of the major vitamin A metabolites in the retina. All-trans-RAL is regenerated to the visual chromophore, 11-cis-retinal in physiological conditions.

11-cis Retinal is a chromophore that binds to opsin in the mammalian visual system as an inverse agonist forming the inactive conformation of rhodopsin. When 11-cis retinal absorbs a photon of light, it isomerizes to form all-trans retinal beginning the phototransduction cycle, which is the basis for mammalian vision. A G121L mutation in opsin allows 11-cis retinal to bind as a partial agonist and activate rhodopsin in the absence of light. In a moth model of carotenoid deficiency-induced low visual sensitivity, 11-cis retinal application to compound eyes restored visual sensitivity almost completely.

9-cis-Retinal is a retinoid with Kd of 8 nM and 5 nM for cellular retinol binding protein-I (CRBP-1) and CRBP-II, respectively. 9-cis-Retinal accelerates the differentiation and maturation of rod photoreceptors in retinal organoids, reduces the toxicity of unliganded opsins, and can be used to study congenital stationary night blindness caused by G90D rhodopsin.

3-Diazirinophenylretinal is a bioactive chemical.

Retinaloxime is a retinoid.

Etretinate (Ro 10-9359) is an oral aromatic retinoid acid which is effective in psoriasis and other dermatological syndromes. It activates retinoid receptors, causing an induction of cell differentiation, inhibition of cell proliferation, and inhibition of tissue infiltration by inflammatory cells.

Etretinate (Standard) is the standard substance of Etretinate, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Etretinate (Ro 10-9359) is an oral aromatic retinoid acid which is effective in psoriasis and other dermatological syndromes. It activates retinoid receptors, causing an induction of cell differentiation, inhibition of cell proliferation, and inhibition of tissue infiltration by inflammatory cells.

NKP608 is a selective and highly effective neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist with anticancer and antianxiety activities, inhibiting the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells through the Wnt signaling pathway.

INCA-6 (Triptycene-1,4-quinone) is a cell-permeable NFAT inhibitor that disrupts CN-NFAT signaling by targeting the NFAT(P) substrate at the calcineurin (CN) phosphatase site.

Monomethyl fumarate is a potent agonist of GPR109A .

Nitrofen is a selective contact herbicide that acts as an inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen oxidase and retinal dehydrogenase.

Fenretinide (4-HPR) is an orally-active synthetic retinoid derivative with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities.

(Z)-Viaminate, a derivative of Retinoic acid, exhibits significant biological activity and is frequently used in pharmaceutical and dermatological applications [Ref. 1].

CYM5442 is an S1P agonist, targeting to Sphingosine.

WS3, a β cell proliferation inducer, regulates Erb3 binding protein-1 (EBP1) and the IκB kinase pathway.

SPHINX31 is a potent inhibitor of serine/arginine-rich protein kinase 1 (SRPK1; IC50: 5.9 nM).

Isoforretin A is a potent inhibitor of thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) with significant biological activity, inducing anti-tumor effects mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The compound inhibits Trx1 activity by covalently binding to the activation site residues Cys32/Cys35, which triggers ROS accumulation, leading to DNA damage and apoptosis (Apoptosis) in cancer cells. Additionally, Isoforretin A has demonstrated the ability to suppress the growth of HepG2 tumors in a mouse hepatic cell carcinoma xenograft model.

Montbretin A, an acylated flavonol glycoside found in C. crocosmiiflora, exhibits antidiabetic activity.

Secretin, porcine (Porcine secretin acetate), is a 27-amino acid peptide that stimulates pancreatic acinar and ductal epithelial cells to produce bicarbonate-rich fluid. It aids in diagnosing pancreatic exocrine dysfunction and gastrinoma by stimulating pancreatic and gastric secretions.

Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) is an essential omega-3 fatty acid prevalent in the brain and retina.

6-Chloromelatonin is a potent melatonin receptor agonist, a 5-methoxyindole compound that competes for presynaptic melatonin receptor sites in the rabbit retina, inhibiting the calcium-dependent release of [3H]dopamine with higher metabolic stability than melatonin. Chloromelatonin competitively binds to [3H]melatonin at MT2 receptors (pKi=9.77) and may be used to study insomnia and sleep disorders associated with depression.

Retinol (Alphalin) and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.

DL-AP5 (2-APV) lithium is a competitive antagonist of the NMDA (N-Methyl-D-aspartate) receptor. It exhibits notable analgesic activity and specifically blocks channels in the rabbit retina.