protein kinase a

Staurosporine (AM-2282) is a protein kinase inhibitor with ATP-competitive and non-selective inhibitory activity (IC50=6/15/2/3/3000 nM) against PKC, PKA, c-Fgr, phosphorylase kinase and TAOK2. Staurosporine also induces apoptosis.

Bilobetin ameliorates insulin resistance by PKA-mediated phosphorylation of PPARα in rats fed a high-fat diet.

Gliotoxin, a Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor, induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in multiple colorectal cancer cell lines with mutations of the Wnt signaling pathway.

Ionomycin is a calcium ion carrier and an antibiotic that binds to calcium ions (Ca2+). The main function of Ionomycin is to induce cellular responses by increasing the intracellular calcium ion concentration. In experiments, Ionomycin is typically used to activate calcium-dependent processes, such as apoptosis and enzyme activity.

Oridonin (NSC-250682) is a diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens with anti-tumor, anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. It acts as an inhibitor of AKT, with IC50s of 8.4 and 8.9 μM for AKT1 and AKT2.

Daphnetin (7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin), a natural coumarin derivative, is a protein kinase inhibitor with inhibitory for EGFR (IC50: 7.67 μM), PKA (IC50: 9.33 μM), and PKC (IC50: 25.01 μM), also exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Tanshinone IIA (Tanshinone B) is a diterpene quinone natural product that targets the protein kinase domain of VEGF/VEGFR2. Tanshinone IIA inhibits angiogenesis and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and therapeutic activities against coronary heart disease.

β-Glycerophosphate is a classical serine-threonine phosphatase inhibitor used in kinase reaction buffers. BGP is often used in combination with other phosphatase protease inhibitors for broad spectrum inhibition. It functions as an organic phosphate donor

Cholesteryl sulfate sodium (Sodium Cholesteryl Sulfate) is a sterol sulfate in human plasma. Cholesteryl sulfate sodium is a component of cell membrane and has a regulatory function. Cholesteryl sulfate sodium also activates multiple protein kinase C (PKC) iso-enzymes, especially the ε, η and ζ isoforms.

1. Isoquercetin (3-Glucosylquercetin) is a potential stimulator of bone mineralization used for prophylaxis of osteoporotic disorders. 2. Isoquercetin may be as a potential therapeutic agent against neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. 3. Isoquercetin is an inhibitor of Wnt β-catenin and may be as a potential novel anti-tumoral agent, such as against human pancreati,liver cancer related to opioid receptors and to the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. .

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (Phenylethyl Caffeate) (CAPE) inhibits the activation of nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa B and may suppress p70S6K and Akt-driven signaling pathways, with antineoplastic, cytoprotective and immunomodulating activities. CAPE is the phenethyl alcohol ester of caffeic acid and a bioactive component of honeybee hive propolis. In addition, CAPE inhibits PDGF-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells through the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha and subsequent induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).

6-(Dimethylamino)purine (N,N-Dimethyladenine) is a serine threonine protein kinase and CDK inhibitor

(-)-Bornyl acetate (L-(-)-Bornyl acetate) is a less active enantiomer of (+)-Bornyl acetate. Isolated from hyssop oil, it possesses antifungal, highly active whitening, and antioxidant properties, and it has potential applications in cosmeceutical materials. It downregulates proinflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo, reduces the number of total cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in BALF, attenuates histologic lung alterations, decreases the wet-to-dry weight ratio in BALF, and inhibits the activation of NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha, extracellular regulated protein kinases, c-JunN-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.

Bufalin is an active ingredient and one of the glycosides in the traditional Chinese medicine ChanSu; it is also a bufadienolide toxin originally isolated from the venom of the Chinese toad Bufo gargarizans, with potential cardiotonic and antineoplastic a

Chelerythrine Chloride is a cell-permeable inhibitor of protein kinase C, competitive with respect to the phosphate acceptor and non-competitive with respect to ATP.

D-erythro-Sphingosine (trans-4-Sphingenine) is a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. D-erythro-Sphingosine (Erythrosphingosine) is also a PP2A activator

1. Chelerythrine (Broussonpapyrine) may have antimanic effect . 2. Chelerythrine can inhibit telomerase activity. 3. Chelerythrine is a well-known protein kinase C inhibitor . 4. Chelerythrine has potential antiproliferative and antitumor effects.

1. Vitexin has antinociceptive and antispasmodic activities. 2. Vitexin exhibits a prominent first-pass effect. 3. Vitexin has antioxidant, antimyeloperoxidase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. 4. Vitexin can either inhibit or induce activities of

Hispidin is a natural product, protein kinase C inhibitor, which belongs to the group of 2-pyrones and catechols. It has anti-inflammatory activity, anti-cancer activity, inhibition of oxidative stress and anti-apoptosis.

Palmitoylcarnitine chloride (Palmitoyl DL-carnitine chloride) is a mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation intermediate that mediates intralipid cardioprotection.Palmitoylcarnitine chloride eliminates colorectal cancer cell survival by depletion of glutathione. induces cancer cell death and regulates the interaction between protein kinase C βII and its receptor RACK1.

Choerospondin, a dietary flavonoid glycoside isolated from the bark of the southern date palm (Ziziphus jujuba L.), is a potential α-glucosidase inhibitor with antiproliferative, antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities that enhances the resistance to oxidative stress, and significantly inhibits inflammatory responses by attenuating mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and nuclear factor-κ B activation.

K-252a is a protein kinase inhibitor targeting serine-threonine, tyrosine, and CAM kinases. In vitro, it blocks NGF-induced TrkA signalling and neural differentiation, exhibiting antitumour, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities.

K-252b, an indolocarbazole derived from the actinomycete Nocardiopsis, functions as a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. It is effective in inhibiting extracellular kinases in cultured cells due to its inability to freely cross the cell membrane.

Radicicol (Monorden) is an antifungal antibiotic and a potent inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), which leads to the degradation of Hsp90 by the proteasome by binding to its ATP-binding pocket. In addition, Radicicol inhibits the growth and proliferation of several tumor cell lines. It also has anti-malarial activity and acts as an inhibitor of adipose- and obesity-related proteins (FTO). Radicicol inhibits iNOS gene expression by blocking the p38 kinase signaling pathway and NF-kB/Rel