pheochromocytoma

Prazosin hydrochloride (Vasoflex) reduces peripheral resistance and relaxes vascular smooth muscles as a selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist by a mechanism not completely known. Prazosin hydrochloride is a synthetic piperazine derivative with hypotensive antiadrenergic properties, It is used in the treatment of heart failure, hypertension, pheochromocytoma, Raynaud's syndrome, prostatic hypertrophy, and urinary retention.

Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride (NCI-c01661) is the hydrochloride salt form of phenoxybenzamine, a synthetic, dibenzamine alpha-adrenergic antagonist with antihypertensive and vasodilatory properties. Phenoxybenzamine non-selectively and irreversibly blocks the postsynaptic alpha-adrenergic receptor in smooth muscle, thereby preventing vasoconstriction, relieving vasospasms, and decreasing peripheral resistance. Reflex tachycardia may occur and may be enhanced by blockade of alpha-2 receptors which enhances norepinephrine release. Phenoxybenzamine is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

Phentolamine mesylate (Phentolamine methanesulfonate) is a nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist used to treat hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of [RAYNAUD DISEASE] and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.

Hydroorotic acid（Dihydroorotic acid） is an endogenous metabolite involved in the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway and serves as a potential biomarker for diabetic nephropathy and adrenal pheochromocytoma.

Crocin (Gardenia Yellow) is a water-soluble carotenoid pigment of saffron (Crocus sativus L. ) that has been used as a spice for flavoring and coloring food preparations, and in Chinese traditional medicine as an anodyne or tranquilizer. Crocin suppresses tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha-induced apoptosis of pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells by modulating mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 family proteins, which trigger downstream signals culminating in caspase-3 activation followed by cell death. Crocin prevented the activation of nSMase by enhancing the transcription of gamma-glutamylcysteinyl synthase, which contributes to a stable glutathione supply that blocks the activity of nSMase.

Vanillylmandelic acid, the end product of the metabolism of catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, has antioxidant activity and is commonly used to help diagnose pheochromocytoma, as well as its elevation in association with depressive symptoms.

Proadrenomedullin (N-20) (ProADM N20) (bovine, porcine) is a peptide known for its strong hypotensive effects and inhibition of catecholamine release from chromaffin cells. It effectively suppresses catecholamine secretion in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells with an IC50 of 350 nM and prevents the desensitization of nicotinic cholinergic agonist-induced catecholamine release and nicotinic signal transduction, with an EC50 of approximately 270 nM for desensitization blockade, as evidenced by inhibited 22 Na+ uptake [1].

NG-012, a nerve growth factor (NGF) potentiator, was isolated from the culture broth of Penicillium verruculosum F-4542. It enhances neurite outgrowth as induced by NGF in the rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) [1].

14-Norpseurotin A shows good antileishmanial and moderate anticancer activities. It also displays significant antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Micrococcus lysoleikticus with MICs of 3.74, 14.97, and 7.49 microM , r

Homovanillic acid sulfate is used as a reagent to detect oxidative enzymes, and is associated with dopamine levels in the brain.In psychiatry and neuroscience, brain and cerebrospinal fluid levels of homovanillic acid are measured as a marker of metabolic

Gynosaponin TN-2, demonstrating anti-Parkinsonian activity, mitigates L-DOPA (100 and 200 μM)-induced apoptotic cell death in pheochromocytoma 12 cells through the modulation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 activation.