parkinson

L-DOPA (Levodopa) is an amino acid precursor of dopamine with antiparkinsonian properties. It is a prodrug converted to dopamine by DOPA decarboxylase and can cross the blood-brain barrier. In the brain, levodopa is decarboxylated to dopamine, stimulating dopaminergic receptors and compensating for depleted endogenous dopamine in Parkinson's disease. To ensure adequate concentrations reach the central nervous system, levodopa is administered with carbidopa, a decarboxylase inhibitor that does not cross the blood-brain barrier, reducing peripheral decarboxylation and increasing CNS dopamine delivery.

Norharmane (β-Carboline) is a natural β-carboline first isolated from plants of the Zygophyllaceae family.

Vasicinone may act as a hepatoprotective agent. (±)-Vasicinone has significant antitussive, expectorant, and bronchodilating activities, which can be used to treat respiratory disease.(S)-Vasicinone exhibits antiproliferative activity against human gastric cancer cells MCG-803.

Carbidopa (Lodosyn) is an aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (IC50: 29±2 μM). It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA.

Onjisaponin B induces autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway, increases the NGF level and accelerates both the removal of mutant huntingtin and A53T α±-synuclein, it may have potential therapeutic effects on Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease and Huntington disease.

Ombuoside (Ombuin-3beta-rutinoside) has antifungal activity. Ombuoside shows significant antioxidant activity in the DPPH, and TEAC, reducing power assays.Ombuoside is a glycoside ombuoside isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum.