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Tigogenin is one of steroidal sapogenins which is widely used for synthesizing steroid drugs. It might have protective effect on bone and be helpful in preventing the development of osteoporosis.

Bestatin (Ubenimex) competitively inhibits many aminopeptidases, including B, N and leucine aminopeptidases. Ubenimex is a microbial metabolite and dipeptide with potential immunomodulatory and antitumor activities. Aminopeptidases has been implicated in the process of cell adhesion and invasion of tumor cells. Therefore, inhibiting aminopeptidases may partially attribute to the antitumor effect of ubenimex. This agent also activates T lymphocyte, macrophage, and bone marrow stem cell as well as stimulates the release of interleukin-1 and -2, thus further enhances its antitumor activity.

Batilol (Stearyl monoglyceride), isolated from shark liver oil, is also present in yellow bone marrow of animals and has been described as an inflammatory agent.

3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone(5-Deoxykampferol) is a DNA-breaking flavonoid isolated from rosewood heartwood. It inhibits osteoclast differentiation, actin ring formation, and bone resorption in RAW 264.7 cells and bone marrow macrophages induced by NF-κB ligand (RANKL) receptor activators.

Glycitin (Glycitein 7-O-β-glucoside), a natural isoflavone isolated from legumes, promotes the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts while suppressing bone turnover.

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (Safflomin A) inhibits adipogenesis by increasing HSL promoter activities, effectively protects the liver from long-term alcohol injury by enhancing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting the expression of TGF-β, prevents steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head by inhibiting primary bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, and exhibits anti-tumor effects.

Vanillylamine is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T65495 and the CAS number is 1196-92-5.

Gigantol is a novel inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. It inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling through downregulation of phosphorylated LRP6 and cytosolic β-catenin in breast cancer cells. Gigantol may be developed as a promising neuroprotective agent for successful MSC transplantation in ischemic diseases, it shows the protective effect against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through the PI3K/Akt pathway.Gigantol inhibits aldose reductase gene to exert its anti-cataract activity. Gigantol induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of HepG2 cells via the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.Gigantol also shows α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Epimagnolin B has anti-inflammatory activity, it can inhibit the production of NO and PGE(2) and the expression of respective enzyme iNOS and COX-2 through the suppression of I-kappaB-alpha degradation and nuclear translocation of p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. It also exhibits antiallergic effects without affecting the viability of bone marrow-derived mast cells.

Cheilanthifoline has anti-osteoclastogenic property, it gives significant inhibitions on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages into multinucleated osteoclasts.

Withanolide B, a natural product isolated from Withania somnifera Dunal, promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) via the ERK1/2 and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathways, thereby enhancing bone healing. Withanolide B exhibits affinity for the catalytic domain of PARP-1.

1-Hydroxy-2,3,4,7-tetramethoxyxanthone, with an EC50 value of 6.6±1.4 µM, has vasodilatory action in coronary arteries pre-contracted with 1 µM 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and can effectively inhibit osteoclast differentiation in a co-culture system with mouse osteoblastic calvarial cells and bone marrow cells.

1-Hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxyxanthone (HM-1) exhibits vasodilator action through an endothelium-dependent mechanism involving NO and an endothelium-independent mechanism by inhibiting Ca(2+) influx via L-type voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels. A minor contribution to HM-1's effects may stem from inhibiting protein kinase C-mediated release of intracellular Ca(2+) stores. At 1 µg/mL, HM-1 effectively inhibits osteoclast differentiation in co-cultures with mouse osteoblastic calvarial and bone marrow cells and protects mice from acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), likely by increasing IκB-α protein expression and suppressing inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-Ⅱ protein expression.

3'4'7-Trihydroxyflavone can markedly inhibit the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) induced osteoclastic differentiation from mouse bone marrow derived macrophages (BMMs), it inhibits osteoclastogenesis via nuclear factor of activ

Eupenicisirenin C (compound 1), a sirenin derivative, exhibits strong NF-κB inhibitory activities and suppresses the cGAS-STING pathway. Additionally, Eupenicisirenin C inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow macrophage cells [1].

Osteogenic Growth Peptide, OGP acetate is a short, naturally occurring 14-mer growth factor peptide found in serum at μM concentrations. Osteogenic growth peptide OGP is a key factor in the mechanism of the systemic osteogenic response to local bone marro