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MEISi-2 is a specific MEISi inhibitor that inhibits the meis luciferase reporter gene in vitro and induces MEIS-dependent hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and self-renewal, which can be used in research areas such as cardiac injury, hematopoietic problems, bone marrow transplantation and cancer.

Cyclophosphamide is a synthetic alkylating agent chemically related to nitrogen mustards. It possesses antitumor and immunosuppressive activities and is widely used in the treatment of various cancers. Additionally, cyclophosphamide is commonly used to induce animal models of premature ovarian failure, bone marrow suppression, cystitis, overactive bladder, and myocarditis.

Imupedone (LF 1695) is a synthetic immunomodulator that modulates T lymphocytes and macrophages, induces T-cell differentiation of bone marrow precursor cells, and increases the proliferative response of lymphocytes to mitogens, antigens, and allogeneic cells.13483-84-5

N-Oleoyl-L-Serine (N-Oleoylserine) is an endogenous long-chain fatty acid amide that is a lipid modulator of bone remodeling and stimulates osteoclast apoptosis which can be used to study osteoporosis. N-Oleoyl-L-Serine showed high activity in an osteoblast proliferation assay.N-Oleoyl-L-Serine promotes osteoclast apoptosis by inhibiting Erk1 2 phosphorylation and expression of nuclear κB ligand (RANKL) receptor activator in bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts, which attenuates osteoclast populations.

NLRP3-IN-NBC6 is a potent, selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor with an IC50 of 574 nM. It acts independently of Ca 2+ and inhibits Nigericin-induced inflammasome activation in THP-1 cells, as well as Imiquimod-induced IL-1β release from LPS-primed bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) [1].

Busulfan is an alkylating antineoplastic agent derived from dimethane sulfonate, with cytotoxic and immunosuppressive properties. It primarily acts by forming carbonium ions in vivo, which induce cross-linking between DNA strands or between DNA and proteins, leading to DNA damage, inhibition of DNA replication, and suppression of RNA transcription. In addition, Busulfan can inhibit thioredoxin reductase and induce apoptosis. It is commonly used as a myeloablative agent in preconditioning regimens for bone marrow transplantation and can also be used to establish anemia models.

Mitotane (NCI-C04933) is a derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.

Bestatin (Ubenimex) competitively inhibits many aminopeptidases, including B, N and leucine aminopeptidases. Ubenimex is a microbial metabolite and dipeptide with potential immunomodulatory and antitumor activities. Aminopeptidases has been implicated in the process of cell adhesion and invasion of tumor cells. Therefore, inhibiting aminopeptidases may partially attribute to the antitumor effect of ubenimex. This agent also activates T lymphocyte, macrophage, and bone marrow stem cell as well as stimulates the release of interleukin-1 and -2, thus further enhances its antitumor activity.

Plerixafor octahydrochloride (JM3100 octahydrochloride) blocks the binding of stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1alpha) to the cellular receptor CXCR4, resulting in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) release from bone marrow and HSC movement into the peripheral circulation. Plerixafor is a bicyclam with hematopoietic stem cell-mobilizing activity.

Batilol (Stearyl monoglyceride), isolated from shark liver oil, is also present in yellow bone marrow of animals and has been described as an inflammatory agent.

Irinotecan (CPT-11), a derivative of camptothecin, is an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I). Irinotecan has antitumor activity by preventing DNA strand reattachment through binding to the Topo I complex, resulting in double-stranded DNA breaks and cell death.

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (Safflomin A) inhibits adipogenesis by increasing HSL promoter activities, effectively protects the liver from long-term alcohol injury by enhancing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting the expression of TGF-β, prevents steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head by inhibiting primary bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, and exhibits anti-tumor effects.

Entospletinib (GS-9973) (IC50= 7.7 nM)is a specific Syk inhibitor, which is orally bioavailable.

Rezafungin acetate (Biafungin acetate) is a echinocandin with antimicrobial activity that inhibits 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase. It can be used for research on invasive fungal diseases in hematopoietic and bone marrow transplant recipients.

AZD2906, a selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist, demonstrates inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 2.2 nM in human GR, 0.3 nM in rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), 41.6 nM in human whole blood, and 7.5 nM in rat whole blood, respectively[1]. Additionally, it induces an increase in micronucleated immature erythrocytes within rat bone marrow.

BMX-IN-1 (BMX kinase inhibitor) is a selective inhibitor of bone marrow tyrosine kinase on chromosome X (BMX, IC50 = 8 nM) and the related Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK, IC50 = 10.4 nM), but BMX-IN-1 is more than 47-656 fold less potent against Blk, JAK3, EGFR, Itk, or Tec activity.

Oxyphenbutazone is an active metabolite of Phenylbutazone, an orally active COX inhibitor with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, selectively kills non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and induces bone marrow failure.

CXM102 is an activator of autophagy. This compound induces autophagy in aged BMSCs, rejuvenating them and promoting their preferential differentiation into osteoblasts. CXM102 enhances the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) and the formation of osteoblasts. In middle-aged male mice, it stimulates bone anabolic metabolism, reduces marrow adipocytes, delays bone loss, lowers serum inflammation levels, reduces organ fibrosis, and extends lifespan.

NLRP3-IN-49 (compound Z48) is a potent and specific inhibitor of NLRP3, displaying IC50 values of 0.26 μM in THP-1 cells and 0.21 μM in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. It directly binds to the NLRP3 protein with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.05 μM, effectively preventing the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. NLRP3-IN-49 is utilized in the research of inflammatory bowel disease.

NOD2 agonist 2 (compound 23) enhances antigen presentation in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), highlighting its potential as a vaccine adjuvant.

YHS-12, a ionizable cationic lipid (pKa = 6.506), has been utilized both in vitro and in vivo for delivering siRNA and mRNA via lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). These LNPs comprise YHS-12 and a targeting peptide CRVLRSGSC aimed at macrophages, encapsulating chimeric antigen receptor mRNA targeted at methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and siRNA against caspase-11. The LNPs have enhanced the phagocytic efficiency against MRSA in RAW 264.7 macrophages and primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Administered intravenously, these LNPs have reduced bacterial load in the bloodstream and increased survival rates in a sepsis model in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice.

Burixafor (also known as TG-0054) is an orally available inhibitor of the CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) with receptor binding and hematopoietic stem cell mobilization activities. By binding to the CXCR4 chemokine receptor, Burixafor blocks the binding and subsequent activation of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12) with the CXCR4 receptor, potentially facilitating the mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from the bone marrow into the bloodstream. Note: Elemental analysis shows that this compound is a salt containing 3 HBr and 3 water molecules.

Calcium influx inducer compound 634 is an agent that stimulates calcium entry. At a concentration of 10 µM, it can enhance the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (mBMDCs). Furthermore, Calcium influx inducer compound 634 (10 µM) increases the levels of surface CD86 and CD80 on mBMDCs, an effect that can be blocked by the calcium release-activated calcium channel inhibitor YM-58483.

N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) is a DNA alkylating agent. It induces leukemia by alkylating nucleobases, thereby damaging DNA, which leads to bone marrow suppression and the development of leukemia cells. ENU is teratogenic in vivo, causing tumor formation and foot malformations in pregnant rats. Additionally, it can result in central nervous system (CNS) tumors and genetic disorders.