human

Glucagon significantly impacts protein and amino acid metabolism. It hinders the integration of amino acids into the proteins of the liver, muscle, and pancreas, augmenting nitrogen excretion and stimulating hepatic urea synthesis. Additionally, it elevates hepatic transaminase and urea cycle enzyme levels. Glucagon also enhances hepatic amino acid uptake, facilitating their conversion into liver glycogen, and reduces blood amino acid concentrations [1].

β-CGRP, human ,a 37-amino acid peptide,is the beta form of Calcitonin-gene-related peptide (β-CGRP), involved extensively in regulation of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. β-CGRP contains a disulphide bridge at the N-terminus, a C-terminal phenylal

LY294002 (SF 1101) is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of PI3K, inhibiting PI3Kα, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kβ (IC50=0.5 0.57 0.97 μM). LY294002 is also an inhibitor of DNA-PK (IC50=1.4 μM) and an inhibitor of CK2 (IC50=98 nM). LY294002 activates apoptosis and autophagy.

R547 (Ro 4584820) is a potent ATP-competitive inhibitor of CDK1 2 4 with Ki of 2 nM 3 nM 1 nM. It is less potent to CDK7 and GSK3α β, while inactive to other kinases. Phase 1.

Imiquimod (R 837) is an immune response modifier that acts as a toll-like receptor 7 agonist.

Inosine (NSC-20262) is a purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It has immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and analgesic properties.

Plerixafor (AMD-3329), a chemokine receptor antagonist, blocks the binding of stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1alpha) to the cellular receptor CXCR4.

Prochloraz (Prelude) is a broad-spectrum contact imidazole fungicide. Prochloraz inhibits human placental microsomal aromatase in vitro (IC50 = 40 nM). Prochloraz also acts as an estrogen receptor (IC50s = 25 μM) and androgen receptor (IC50 = 4 μM) antagonist, and activates aryl hydrocarbon receptors (EC50 = 1 μM).

Linoleic acid (9,12-octadecadienoic acid) is a naturally occurring polyunsaturated fatty acid found in animal and vegetable oils. Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid that is part of membrane phospholipids.

Abametapir (BRN 0123183), a metalloproteinase inhibitor, is able to target metalloproteinases critical to egg hatching and louse development.

Obtusin is a natural product.

1-Methylxanthine is a caffeine derivative. 1-Methylxanthine is an essential human urinary metabolite of caffeine and theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine, TP). 1-Methylxanthine enhances the radiosensitivity of tumor cells.

SB 204741 is a selective 5-HT2B antagonist with high affinity and pKi value of 7.1.

LY-294002 hydrochloride (NSC 697286) is a synthetic molecule inhibitor of PI3Kα δ β (IC50: 0.5 0.57 0.97 μM, in cell-free assays); more stable than Wortmannin in solution, and also is a blocker of autophagosome formation.

Obatoclax Mesylate (GX15-070) is a Bcl-2 antagonist (Ki: 0.22 μM) and can induce apoptosis with up-regulation of Bim, induced cytochrome c release, and activation of caspase-3.

Bisindolylmaleimide IV is a protein kinase C (PKC) cell permeable inhibitor( IC50 : 0.10 - 0.55 μM)

yGsy2p-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of yeast glycogen synthase 2 (yGsy2p) and human glycogen synthase 1 (hGYS1). Additionally, yGsy2p-IN-H23, a pyrazole inhibitor, is utilized in the treatment of glycogen storage diseases (GSDs).

IMP-1088 is a potent inhibitor of human N-myristoyltransferases NMT1 and NMT2 dual.

Insulin (human) is a peptide hormone that promotes glycogen synthesis and regulates glucose levels in the blood. Insulin (human) has hypoglycemic activity and is used clinically to treat hyperglycemia in diabetic patients.

TNF-α (31-45), human acetate is a peptide of tumor necrosis factor-α.

GIP (3-42), human (Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (3-42) (human)) is a peptide that acts as a glucose-dependent proinsulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor antagonist and regulates insulin secretion and the metabolic effects of GIP in vivo, which can be used to study type 2 diabetes.

Angiotensin II human (Ang II) is a biologically active peptide, a vasoconstrictor. Angiotensin II interacts with AT1R and AT2R to regulate blood pressure, stimulate sympathetic nerves, and increase aldosterone biosynthesis and renal activity in humans.

Human IgG1 kappa, Isotype Control is a humanized IgG-like monoclonal antibody and an isotype control antibody for human IgG1κ.

LL-37, Human acetate is a 37-residue, amphipathic, cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide, which exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity.