human

Glucagon significantly impacts protein and amino acid metabolism. It hinders the integration of amino acids into the proteins of the liver, muscle, and pancreas, augmenting nitrogen excretion and stimulating hepatic urea synthesis. Additionally, it elevates hepatic transaminase and urea cycle enzyme levels. Glucagon also enhances hepatic amino acid uptake, facilitating their conversion into liver glycogen, and reduces blood amino acid concentrations [1].

β-CGRP, human ,a 37-amino acid peptide,is the beta form of Calcitonin-gene-related peptide (β-CGRP), involved extensively in regulation of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. β-CGRP contains a disulphide bridge at the N-terminus, a C-terminal phenylal

GIP (1-30) amide (Human) is an insulin-dependent glucose-dependent polypeptide.The sugar-dependent insulin polypeptide (GIP) is an insulin secreting hormone, which can stimulate the secretion of insulin and reduce the occurrence of postpranal-glycemic dis

LL-37, Human acetate is a 37-residue, amphipathic, cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide, which exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity.

Acetyl-Calpastatin (184-210)(human) acetate is a potent, selective and reversible calpain inhibitor with Ki values of 0.2 nM and 6 μM for µ-calpain and cathepsin L, respectively.

β-Endorphin (1-27) (human) acetate, existing in the hypophysis cerebri and hypothalamus, exhibits antinociception activity. β-Endorphin (1-27) (human) acetate is an agonist of opioid receptor, showing preferred affinity for μ-opioid receptor and δ-opioid

BAD (103-127) (human) acetate is a 25-mer Bad polypeptide from the BAD BH3 domain that antagonizes the effects of Bcl-xl.

Pancreatic Polypeptide (human) acetate is a C-terminally amidated 36 amino acid peptide, which acts as a neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y4/Y5 receptor agonist.

Neuropeptide Y (29-64), amide, human acetate is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and protects rat cortical neurons against β-Amyloid toxicity.

Adrenomedullin (AM) (22-52), human acetate is an antagonist of calcitonin generelated peptide receptor in the hindlimb vascular bed of the cat and an adrenomedullin receptor.

VIP(6-28)(human, rat, porcine, bovine) acetate is an antagonist of the actions of exogenous vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor on cAMP in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG).

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide, human(TFA) is a regulatory human peptide that elicits gastrin release and regulates gastric acid secretion and enteric motor function. The post-ganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve that innervate the G cells of the stomach release GRP, which stimulates the G cells to release gastrin.

Mini Gastrin I, human acetate is a shorter version of human gastrin, consists of amino acids 5-17 of the parent peptide.

PAMP-12 (human, porcine) acetate (PAMP-12 (human, porcine) acetate (196305-05-2 free base)) , a major component of ir-PAMP, is processed from the AM precursor, as is PAMP-20, and may participate in cardiovascular control.

RFRP-3(human) acetate, a human GnIH peptide homolog, is a potent inhibitor of gonadotropin secretion by inhibiting Ca2+ mobilization. RFRP-3(human) acetate is a NPFF1 receptor agonist, it inhibits forskolin-induced production of cAMP with an IC50 of 0.7 n

PEN (human) aceate, one of the most abundant hypothalamic neuropeptide and derived from the proprotein ProSAAS, is an endogenous ligand of GPR83.

Apelin-17 (human, bovine) acetate is an endogenous apelin receptor agonist. Potently inhibits forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation (pIC50 = 9.94).

Angiotensin II (3-8), human (TFA), is an angiotensin AT1 receptor agonist with reduced activity.

Endothelin 1 (swine, human) acetate is a synthetic peptide with the sequence of human and swine Endothelin 1. Endothelin 1 is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor and acts through two types of receptors ETA and ETB.

M2e, human, a vaccine candidate for human influenza A, encompasses the 23 extracellular residues of M2 (the third integral membrane protein of influenza A) and exhibits remarkable conservation across all strains, highlighting its potential as a broadly protective option.

TNF-α (31-45), human, is a peptide of tumor necrosis factor-α.

β-Interleukin I (163-171), human Acetateis a peptide that participate in the regulation of immune responses, inflammatory reactions, and hematopoiesis.

Ac-Endothelin-1 (16-21), human acetate, the principal peptide of the endothelin family, has been shown to have a variety of biological activities in both vascular and nonvascular tissues. The C-terminal fragment, which is a highly conserved sequence in th

β-Defensin-2 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts.1It inhibits the growth of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria, includingP. gingivalisandS. salivarius.2β-Defensin-2 (30 μg/ml) stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes.3It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 10, and 40 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-2 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cellsin vitrowhen used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cellsin vivofollowing a 500 ng intradermal dose.4Expression of β-defensin-2 is increased in psoriatic skin and chronic wounds.5,6 1.Lehrer, R.I.Primate defensinsNat. Rev. Microbiol.2(9)727-738(2004) 2.Ouhara, K., Komatsuzawa, H., Yamada, S., et al.Susceptibilities of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria to antibacterial peptides, β-defensins and LL37, produced by human epithelial cellsJ. Antimicrob. Chemother.55(6)888-896(2005) 3.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Nakano, N., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins stimulate epidermal keratinocyte migration, proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokinesJ. Invest. Dermatol.127(3)594-604(2007) 4.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Hara, M., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins and cathelicidin LL-37 induce the secretion of a pruritogenic cytokine IL-31 by human mast cellsJ. Immunol.184(7)3526-3534(2010) 5.Huh, W.-K., Oono, T., Shirafuji, Y., et al.Dynamic alteration of human β-defensin 2 localization from cytoplasm to intercellular space in psoriatic skinJ. Mol. Med. (Berl.)80(10)678-684(2002) 6.Butmarc, J., Yufit, T., Carson, P., et al.Human β-defensin-2 expression is increased in chronic woundsWound Repair Regen.12(4)439-443(2004)