hiv-2

HIV-1, HIV-2 Protease Substrate serves as a substrate for the proteases of both HIV-1 and HIV-2, featuring four residues that permit conservative substitutions at the enzyme substrate binding sites [1].

F9170, an antiviral peptide derived from the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (amino acids 789-803), targets the LLP1 domain in the virus's envelope protein cytoplasmic tail. This interaction inhibits HIV-1 IIIB infection in MT-2 cells, evidenced by an EC50 value of 0.19 µM. Additionally, at a dosage of 3 mg/kg, F9170 significantly lowers plasma viral load in rhesus macaques infected with simian HIV (SHIV).

ELDKWA, a highly conserved sequence of amino acids located on the ecto-domain of gp41, serves as the epitope for mAb 2F5, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 [1] [2].

H-Gly-Pro-Gly-NH2, a tripeptide, effectively inhibits HIV-1 replication by interfering with capsid formation, demonstrating antiviral activity particularly against HIV-1 III B and HIV-2 ROD with EC 50 values of 35 µM and 30 µM, respectively. This compound's ability to disrupt the viral replication process positions it as a valuable asset for virus research [1] [2] [3].

HIV-1 TAT (48-60) Acetate, a commonly used membrane-permeable carrier peptide, is an arginine-rich basic peptide derived from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1 Tat) protein that enables intracellular delivery of compounds.

α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a 13-amino acid peptide hormone produced by post-translational processing of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the pituitary gland, as well as in keratinocytes, astrocytes, monocytes, and gastrointestinal cells.1It is an agonist of melanocortin receptor 3 (MC3R) and MC4R that induces cAMP production in Hepa cells expressing the human receptors (EC50s = 0.16 and 56 nM, respectively).2α-MSH (100 pM) reducesS. aureuscolony formation andC. albicansgerm tube formationin vitro.3It inhibits endotoxin-, ceramide-, TNF-α-, or okadaic acid-induced activation of NF-κB in U937 cells.1α-MSH reduces IL-6- or TNF-α-induced ear edema in mice.4It also prevents the development of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats and increases survival in a mouse model of septic shock. Increased plasma levels of α-MSH are positively correlated with delayed disease progression and reduced death in patients with HIV.1 1.Catania, A., Airaghi, L., Colombo, G., et al.α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in normal human physiology and disease statesTrends Endocrinol. Metab.11(8)304-308(2000) 2.Miwa, H., Gantz, I., Konda, Y., et al.Structural determinants of the melanocortin peptides required for activation of melanocortin-3 and melanocortin-4 receptorsJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.273(1)367-372(1995) 3.Cutuli, M., Cristiani, S., Lipton, J.M., et al.Antimicrobial effects of a-MSH peptidesJ. Leukoc. Biol.67(2)233-239(2000) 4.Lipton, J.M., Ceriani, G., Macaluso, A., et al.Antiiinflammatory effect of the neuropeptide a-MSH in acute, chronic, and systemic inflammationAnn. N.Y. Acad. Sci.25(741)137-148(1994)

Ac-Ser-Gln-Asn-Tyr-Pro-Val-Val-NH2 is a peptide substrate specific to HIV-1 protease, used as the variable component in peptidolytic assays designed to measure the enzyme's inhibition [1][2].

GP120, HIV-1 MN, a peptide, is utilized in researching HIV infection [1] [2].

GLR-19 is an anti-HIV peptide with demonstrated antiviral activity against HSV-2 [1] [2].

Astodrimer (SPL7013 free base), a large (3-4 nm, ~16.5 kDa) and negatively charged dendrimer, possesses potent virucidal capabilities. Exhibiting antiviral and virucidal activities, it effectively targets a wide array of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, HIV-1, HSV-1, HSV-2, and HPV. Additionally, Astodrimer demonstrates antibacterial properties [1] [2] [3].

Endogenous APJ receptor agonist (EC50 = 20 nM) that is secreted by adipocytes. Binds with high affinity to human APJ receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells (pIC50= 8.61). Involved in regulation of cardiovascular function, fluid homeostasis and feeding. Bloc

Acetylpepstatin is an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease, HIV-2 protease, aspartyl protease.

Retrocyclin-2 is an antimicrobial peptide effective against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) [1].

Apelin-17(human, bovine) TFA is an endogenous agonist of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ, demonstrating affinity for human APJ receptors on HEK 293 cells with a pIC50 value of 9.02. It also blocks the entry of certain HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains into NP2 CD4 cells that express the APJ receptor [1] [2] [3].

Apelin-36(human) TFA, an endogenous agonist of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ, exhibits a potent EC50 of 20 nM and high affinity (pIC5 50 = 8.61) for human APJ receptors in HEK 293 cells. It is involved in significant cardiovascular and metabolic activities. Furthermore, Apelin-36(human) TFA can inhibit the entry of certain HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains into NP2 CD4 cells expressing the APJ receptor. [1] [2] [3] [4]

Apelin-36(rat, mouse) TFA, an endogenous agonist for the orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ, exhibits a strong affinity for APJ receptors with an IC 50 of 5.4 nM and effectively inhibits cAMP production with an EC 50 of 0.52 nM. Moreover, it obstructs the invasion of certain HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains into NP-2 CD4 cells that express the APJ receptor [1] [2].

TAT 2-4 is a peptide derived from HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein. This small, basic peptide has demonstrated efficacy in delivering a wide range of cargoes, including small particles, proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids.

Siamycin I is a tricyclic peptide originally isolated from Streptomyces and has antiviral and antibacterial activities. It is active against laboratory strains and clinical isolates of HIV-1 (ED50s = 0.05-0.45 and 0.89-5.7 μM, respectively), as well as the CBL-20 strain of HIV-2 (ED50 = 0.45 μM), in vitro. Siamycin I inhibits HIV-induced fusion of C8166 T cells with HIV-1-infected CEM-SS cells with an ED50 value of 0.08 μM. It is also active against B. subtilis, M. luteus, and S. aureus (MICs = 1.6-6.3 μg/ml). Siamycin I inhibits autophosphorylation of the E. faecalis quorum sensing kinase FsrC induced by gelatinase biosynthesis-activating pheromone (GBAP).

The 2F5 epitope, a peptide gp41 (659-671), encompasses the complete sequential epitope recognized by one of the three broadly neutralizing antibodies against a wide range of primary HIV-1 isolates. This epitope is uniquely sequential and is identified by the 2F5 antibodies [1] [2].

Endogenous APJ receptor agonist that is secreted by adipocytes. Binds with high affinity to APJ receptors (IC50 = 5.4 nM) and potently inhibits cAMP production in vitro (EC50 = 0.52 nM). Involved in regulation of cardiovascular function, fluid homeostasis

TC14012 acetate is a serum-stable derivative of T140 which is a selective and peptidomimetic CXCR4 antagonist with an IC50 of 19.3 nM. TC14012 is also a potent CXCR7 agonist with an EC50 of 350 nM for recruiting β-arrestin 2 to CXCR7. TC14012 has anti-cancer activity and anti-HIV activity.

C34 peptide, also referred to as HR2, is a biologically active peptide integral to the helical region of HIV's gp41 and is specifically the C-terminal heptad repeat 2 (HR2), denoted as the C helix or C peptide. It functions as a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 fusion, thereby impeding the virus's entry into cells via membrane fusion.

TAT peptide (TFA), a cell-penetrating peptide (GRKKRRQRRRPQ) originating from HIV-1's trans-activating transcriptional activator (Tat), facilitates intracellular delivery [1] [2].