g2/m

Acacetin (5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone) is an O-methylated flavone found in various plants, exhibiting antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities in different research models.

Juglanin is a JNK activator. Juglanin with inflammation and anti-tumor activities. It can induce apoptosis and autophagy on human breast cancer cells.

Polyphyllin D induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway as evidenced by decreased Bcl-2 expression levels, disruption of MMP and increased Bax, cytochrome C, and cleaved-caspase-3 levels. Polyphyllin D has an anti-angiogenic effect. Polyphyllin D has toxicity in human RBCs as well as its underlying mechanism for the hemolysis and eryptosis erythroptosis. Polyphyllin D has strong anticancer activity, can overcome drug resistance in R-HepG2 cells and elicit programmed cell death via mitochondrial dysfunction.

1. Polyphyllin VI has hemostasis , expectorant , bacteriostasis, anticytotoxic, anti pregnancy kill sperm effects.

Docetaxel trihydrate (RP-56976 Trihydrate) is an antineoplastic agent that has a unique mechanism of action as an inhibitor of cellular mitosis and that currently plays a central role in the therapy of many solid tumor including breast and lung cancer. Therapy with docetaxel has been associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations and rarely to instances of acute hepatic necrosis generally due to severe hypersensitivity reactions or sepsis.

Citric Acid Monohydrate is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative.

Beta-Sitosterol (SKF 14463) has recently been shown to induce G2 M arrest, endoreduplication, and apoptosis through the Bcl-2 and PI3K Akt signaling pathways. Beta-Sitosterol (SKF 14463) , a main dietary phytosterol found in plants, may have the potential for prevention and therapy for human cancer. Although the exact mechanism of action of Beta-Sitosterol (SKF 14463) is unknown, it may be related to cholesterol metabolism or anti-inflammatory effects (via interference with prostaglandin metabolism). Beta-Sitosterol (SKF 14463) induces apoptosis and activates key caspases in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells.

(S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin (10-HCPT) is a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor used as a clinical therapeutic agent against hepatoma.

1. Citric acid (Citro) (1-2 g kg) can decrease brain lipid peroxidation and inflammation, liver damage, and DNA fragmentation. 2. Citric acid denture cleansers can reduce C. albicans biofilm accumulation and cell viability. However, this CT did not prevent biofilm recolonization.

Amarogentin is mainly extracted from Swertia and Gentiana roots. It plays cemopreventive therapeutic role during liver carcinogenesis through modulation of cell cycle and apoptosis

1. Chelidonine (Stylophorin) isolated from Chelidonium majus efficiently induced apoptosis in HeLa cells through possible alteration of p38-p53 and AKT PI3 kinase signalling pathways. 2. Chelidonine is a promising model compound for overcoming MDR and for enhancing cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutics, especially against leukaemia cells, its efficacy needs to be confirmed in animal models. 3. Chelidonine may be a potential therapeutic agent against metastasis of invasive human cancer cells, exhibits antimigratory and antiinvasive effects in MDA-MB-231 cells, by suppressing COL-induced integrin signaling, through inhibiting the formation of the IPP complex and subsequent downregulation of IPP downstream signaling molecules, such as Akt and ERK1 2.

1. Oxypeucedanin ((+-)-Oxypeucedanin) has novel anticancer effect, mediated via induction of G2-M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells. 2. Oxypeucedanin is a kind of open-channel blocker of the hKv1.5 channel and it prolongs the APD; therefore, it is an excellent candidate as an antiarrhythmic drug for atrial fibrillation.

8-Hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavanone (PDMF) is a phytochemical with tumor-preventive properties, promoting p53-driven G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. It is a potent anti-allergic agent for preventing IgE-driven hypersensitivity reactions and possesses anti-inflammatory activity.

Boerelasin E is the first cytochalasin isolated from the endophytic fungus Boeremia exigua, featuring a cis-configured Δ21(22) double bond. It exhibits stronger antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells (IC50=20.52 μM) than cisplatin. Boerelasin E inhibits complete cell division in MCF-7 cells by arresting them in the G2 M phase and inducing apoptosis.

Morusinol is a flavonoid extracted from the root bark of Morus alba. Morusinol has antiplatelet and anticancer activities, inhibits arterial thrombosis in vivo, and exerts antitumor activity by inducing autophagy, G2 M cell cycle blockade, inhibiting cell invasion and migration, and targeting the Ras MEK ERK pathway.

(-)-Gomisin L1 induces G2/M arrest and apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells.

Ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one exhibits cytotoxic activity against human gastric cancer cells and can induce G2 M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. These findings could facilitate the further use of various medicinal fungi in cancer treatment.

Malformin C is a natural fungus-derived bicyclic pentapeptide that has antibacterial properties, particularly against species of Bacillus. Malformin C potently blocks the ability of bleomycin to induce G2 arrest in human T-cell leukemia-derived Jurkat cells (IC50 = 0.9 nM). It less potently abrogates colchicine-induced M phase arrest in Jurkat cells (IC50 = 24 nM). Malformin C inhibits cell growth dose-dependently in Colon 38 and HCT 115 cancer cells (IC50s = 0.27 and 0.18 μM, respectively) but has a low therapeutic index against cancer xenografts when tested in mice.

Eupatorin has antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects. Eupatorin has antiproliferative and cytostatic effects on MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells due to CYP1-mediated metabolism. Eupatorin-induced cell death is mediated by both the extrinsic and

Xerophilusin B, isolated from Isodon xerophilus as an anticancer agent, demonstrates antiproliferative effects on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines. It induces G2 M cell cycle arrest and mediates apoptosis [1].

Albanol B, an arylbenzofuran derivative, is extracted from mulberries and demonstrates multifarious biological activities, including anti-Alzheimer's, anti-bacterial, and antioxidant effects. It inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells, down-regulates CDK1 expression, and induces cell cycle arrest at the G2 M phase and apoptosis. Additionally, Albanol B increases mitochondrial ROS production and enhances the phosphorylation levels of AKT and ERK1 2 [1].

1. Daphnoretin (Thymelol) has strong antiviral activity, mainly on the later phase of the replication cycle. 2. Daphnoretin has anticancer effects on leukemia, osteosarcoma and uterine cervix cancer cells, might through promoting apoptosis in a mitochondria-mediated way. 3. Daphnoretin causes death of HOS cells by blocking cells successively in G2 M phases and activating the caspase-3 pathway.

Taccalonolide A is the first microtubule stabilizing agent to be discovered from a plant since identification of the mechanism of action of paclitaxel and it is the first natural product steroid identified to have these cellular effects,with cytotoxic and antimalarial activities. Taccalonolide A causes G2-M accumulation, Bcl-2 phosphorylation and initiation of apoptosis. Taccalonolide A is effective in vitro against cell lines that overexpress P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and multidrug resistance protein 7 (MRP7), with an IC50 of 622 nM for SK-OV-3 cells.

Swainsonine (Tridolgosir) is an alkaloid isolated from Astragalus membranaceus and is a potent and reversible inhibitor of alpha-mannosidase. swainsonine has antitumour activity and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G2 M phase.