enterococci

Vulpinic Acid (Pulvinic acid methyl ester) is a lichen metabolite with anti-inflammatory, antibacteria, properties, plant growth inhibitor.

Antibacterial compound 2 is a potent antimicrobial agent effective against many human veterinary pathogens, inhibiting multi-drug resistant staphylococci, enterococci and streptococci, as well as anaerobic bacteria.

Vancomycin hydrochloride (Vancomycin HCl) is a glycopeptide antibiotic that targets Peptidoglycan in bacterial cell wall synthesis. Vancomycin hydrochloride is mainly used for the treatment of severe Gram-positive bacterial infections.

AVX 13616, Avexa's leading antibacterial candidate, demonstrates significant in vivo antibacterial efficacy, especially against drug-resistant Staphylococcus pathogens, with an IC50 value of 2-4 µg/ml (MICs) and is targeted as an antibacterial agent. Comparable in activity to mupirocin within a nasal decolonization model, AVX13616 necessitated only a single application for effectiveness. This compound, alongside others, exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial action, achieving MICs of 2-4 micrograms per milliliter against various isolates, including S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, enterococci, MRSA, VISA, and VRSA. Aimed for topical use and the treatment of wound infection or catheter-related infections, a solitary 5% (w/w) AVX13616 application (roughly equivalent to 2% mupirocin) proved as efficacious as twice-daily 2% mupirocin over five days in decolonizing MRSA in mice.

MRSA/VRE-IN-1 (Compound 3e) is an inhibitor targeting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), with MIC/MBC values of 3.6/7.3 µM for VRE and 7.3/14.6 µM for MRSA. It is applicable in research focused on anti-infection studies.

Antiviralagent 49 (compound 4q) is both an antiviral and antimicrobial agent, exhibiting activity against enterococci and staphylococci.

Adicillin is a penicillin antibiotic that works against vancomycin-resistant enterococci.

Oritavancin is a novel semisynthetic glycopeptide antibiotics. On August 6, 2014, the FDA approved oritavancin for treatment of skin infections. Oritavancin possesses potent and rapid bactericidal activity in vitro against a broad spectrum of both resistant and susceptible Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, enterococci, and streptococci.

Kocurin is a thiazolyl peptide originally isolated fromK. palustrisand has antibiotic activity.1It is active against methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA; MIC = 0.25 μg/ml), as well asB. subtilisandE. faeciumin a solid agar test when used at a concentration of 8 μg/ml. Kocurin is also active againstE. faecium,E. faecalis,S. epidermidis, and clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (MICs = 0.004-1.025 μg/ml).2In vivo, kocurin (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/ml) increases survival in a mouse model ofE. faecium-induced septicemia. It decreases the number of colony forming units (CFUs) in a mouse model of MRSA lung infection. 1.Martin, J., da S. Sousa, T., Crespo, G., et al.Kocurin, the true structure of PM181104, an anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) thiazolyl peptide from the marine-derived bacterium Kocuria palustrisMar. Drugs11(2)387-398(2013) 2.Mahajan, G., Thomas, B., Parab, R., et al.In vitro and in vivo activities of antibiotic PM181104Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.57(11)5315-5319(2013)

Platencin is a natural, broad-spectrum Gram-positive antibiotic isolated from *S. platensis*, which is also the source of platensimycin. Platencin inhibits two key enzymes in bacterial fatty acid synthesis, β-ketoacyl-ACP synthases II and III (FabF and FabH, respectively), unlike platensimycin which only targets FabF. The IC50 values for platencin against FabF and FabH are 1.95 and 3.91 μg/ml, respectively. It does not exhibit cross-resistance to antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, including methicillin-resistant *S. aureus*, vancomycin-intermediate *S. aureus*, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. For these reasons, platencin has potential applications in fighting antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Cefaloglycin (Cephaloglycin), an orally active, nephrotoxic β-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic, exhibits antibacterial activity primarily against Gram-Positive cocci, excluding enterococci. It impairs mitochondrial substrate uptake and respiration, underscoring its toxicity [1] [2] [3].

Nemonoxacin (TG-873870) is an orally available non-fluorinated quinolone antibiotic with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci, as well as against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus influenzae.Nemonoxacin is used in the study of bacterial infections and community-acquired pneumonia.

6-(12-Tridecene-1-yl)-2,4-Dihydroxy benzoic acid (Compound 2) exhibits potent antibacterial properties against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). This compound compromises the bacterial cell membrane's integrity and functionality, consequently impacting MRSA's metabolism. Additionally, it demonstrates anti-inflammatory and anti-infective actions and promotes angiogenesis in mice.

Epicorazine B exhibits activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5-25 μg/mL. It is also effective against Candida albicans, with an MIC of 25 μg/mL.

Chloropolysporin C exhibits significant activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and enterococci.

Diperamycin demonstrates activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Enterococci and MRSA, with MIC ranging from 0.10 to 0.20 μg/mL. It also strongly inhibits the activity of cell lines L1210, P388, LS-180, KB, HeLaS3, Meth A, and B16-BL6, with IC50 values between 0.009 and 0.098 μg/mL.

Citreamicin alpha (LL-E 19085-alpha) is an antibiotic that has been evaluated for its in vitro antibacterial activity against 429 clinical isolates of Gram-positive cocci using the agar dilution method. This study included 313 strains of staphylococci and 116 strains of streptococci. Its in vitro efficacy was compared with ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalothin, erythromycin, and vancomycin. For staphylococci, Citreamicin alpha demonstrated MIC values ranging from 0.12 to 4.0 μg/ml, and for Streptococcus pyogenes, the MIC values ranged from 0.03 to 0.12 μg/ml. Conversely, enterococci presented relative resistance, requiring 2.0 μg/ml to inhibit 64% of 62 tested strains. The antibiotic's in vitro efficacy significantly surpassed that of ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalothin, and erythromycin, while it was comparable to or slightly less effective than vancomycin.

8-Epidiosbulbin E acetate is a abundant furan compound found in Dioscorea bulbifera L., exhibiting broad-spectrum plasmid elimination activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria, and can be used to induce liver injury models in mice.

Glyasperin C acts as a partial estrogen antagonist, it shows tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC (50) = 0.13 +/- 0.01 microg/mL), it could be a promising candidate in the design of skin-whitening agents. Glyasperin C shows potent anti-vancomycin-resistant

Chloropolysporin B exhibits potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and enterococci.

Epicorazine A exhibits activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5-25 μg/mL. It is also effective against Candida albicans, showing an MIC of 25 μg/mL.

WLBU2 is an engineered cationic antimicrobial peptide (eCAP) designed to overcome the sensitivity issues of natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in various environments. WLBU2 exhibits rapid bactericidal activity and has a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of ≤ 10 μM against numerous Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, and Escherichia coli. It effectively prevents biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and retains its activity in mucus-rich, low pH, and high salt conditions, without adverse effects on human respiratory epithelial cells. Additionally, WLBU2 is applicable for studying cystic fibrosis (CF) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.