ceramide

A potent modulator of cell proliferation and differentiation.

C16 dihydro Ceramide (d18:0/16:0) (Cer(d18:0/16:0)) is a precursor for the synthesis of ceramides, induces autophagy in the perinuclear region, and can be used to study cell membrane stability and neurological diseases.

C22 Ceramide (d18:1/22:0) (C22 Ceramide), a long-chain ceramide containing behenic acid, is an endogenous bioactive sphingolipid.C22-Ceramide specifically inhibits MCSR and reduces C16 ceramide channel formation in isolated rat liver mitochondria and liposomes.

Aureobasidin A is a cyclic peptide and an antifungal antibiotic. Aureobasidin A is an inhibitor of the inositolphosphorylceramide synthase AUR1.

N-Desmethyltamoxifen hydrochloride is the primary metabolite of tamoxifen in humans.

ω-azido-C6 Ceramide reduces membrane potential and exhibits antibacterial activity against Neisseria, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 µg/mL for N. meningitidis MC58 and N. gonorrhoeae FA1090.

C16 Ceramide (d16:1,C16:0) is a bioactive sphingolipid that induces the formation and thermal stabilization of ordered phases and gel phases enriched in palmitoyl sphingomyelin domains within palmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC) bilayers. It is found in human erythrocyte sphingomyelin.

Ceramide 1-phosphate, a bioactive lipid, is a critical component of sphingolipids. It plays versatile roles in various cellular behaviors, including differentiation, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis.

C16 Ceramide (Cer) (d18:1(14Z)/16:0) is a sphingolipid-derived ceramide composed of long-chain sphingoid base (d18:1) and palmitic acid (C16:0). It serves as a crucial lipid signaling molecule for apoptosis. Specifically, C16 ceramide is involved in cell cycle arrest, cell death, and the inhibition of insulin signaling.

C24 Ceramide (d18:1(14Z)/24:0) is a type of ceramide utilized in obesity research.

C18 dihydro Ceramide is a bioactive sphingolipid and precursor in the de novo synthesis of C18 ceramide that lacks the 4,5-trans double bond. [1] Increased C18 dihydroceramide lipid levels lead to increased triacylglycerol storage and autophagosome accumulation as well as upregulation of the fibrosis markers α-SMA and FGF2 in Chang and LX-2 liver cells. C18 dihydro Ceramide is elevated in the plasma of pre-diabetics up to 9 years prior to the onset of type 2 diabetes. [2] It is also elevated in the skin of patients with lesional atopic dermatitis.[3]

C18:1 Ceramide (d18:1/18:1(9Z)) is a ceramide, and C18:1-Ceramide levels are elevated in overweight and insulin-resistant mice and cattle, as well as in plasma and ovarian tissue of patients with advanced ovarian cancer.

C24 dihydro Ceramide is a sphingolipid that has been found in the stratum corneum of human skin.[1] It is found in higher concentrations in female sebum compared to male sebum.[2] C24 dihydro Ceramide levels positively correlate with cytotoxicity in CCRF-CEM, MOLT-4, COG-LL-317h, and COG-LL-332h T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines.[4] Levels of C24 dihydro ceramide are increased by 149.49-fold in dihydroceramide desaturase 1 (DEGS1) knockdown UM-SCC-22A human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells in vitro.[4] C24 dihydro Ceramide levels are also increased in INS-1 β-cells incubated with glucose and palmitate.[5]

Ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE) is an analog of sphingomyelin that contains ethanolamine rather than choline as the head group. It is the principal membrane phospholipid in invertebrates such as Drosophila, which lacks sphingomyelin. It is only produced in small amounts in mammalian cells, accounting for approximately 0.02 mol% of total phospholipids in mouse testis and brain. In Drosophila, CPE is biosynthesized by CPE synthase from ceramide and cytidine diphosphate-ethanolamine in the Golgi lumen. In mammals, it is biosynthesized by sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) in the plasma membrane and by sphingomyelin synthase-related protein (SMSr) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In Drosophila, CPE has a role in glial ensheathment of axons. Disrupting CPE synthesis by depleting SMSr in vitro in mammalian cells leads to an accumulation of ER ceramides, which are then mislocalized to the mitochondria, inducing apoptosis. However, ceramide levels are not altered in transgenic mice lacking SMSr catalytic activity. CPEs (bovine) is a mixture of CPEs with variable N-acyl chain lengths.

C2 Ceramide (d14:1/2:0) is a bioactive sphingolipid that, when administered dietarily at 100 μM, induces lipotoxic cardiomyopathy by increasing diastolic and systolic diameter, reducing fractional shortening, and decreasing the number of normal cardiac contractile events in Drosophila.

C6 L-threo Ceramide is a bioactive sphingolipid and cell-permeable analog of naturally occurring ceramides. It is cytotoxic to U937 cells in vitro (IC50 = 18 μM), metabolically inactive, and unlike C6 L-erythro ceramide, it cannot be converted to C6 glucosylceramide by ceramide glucosyltransferase. C6 L-threo Ceramide enhances IL-4 production induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in EL4 T cells at 10 μM.

C12-Ceramide (C12 Ceramide (d18:1/12:0)), a ceramide present in the protective membranes surrounding umbilical cord blood vessels in infants born to women with pre-eclampsia, can be used to assess the level of ASM activity in the plasma of patients with Niemann-Pick disease.

C18 L-erythro Ceramide (d18:1/18:0) significantly reduced extracellular Aβ levels and can be used to study Alzheimer's disease.

C16-Urea-Ceramide s a neutral ceramidase (nCDase) inhibitor. It is a bioactive ceramide.

C16 PEG-Ceramide, a polyethylene glycolylated ceramide, serves as a lipid carrier for delivery and induces autophagy. It is utilized in cancer research [1] [2].

C8 PEG-Ceramide, a lipid product, possesses the capability to synthesize lipid bilayer carriers, making it applicable for drug delivery [1] [2].

Sphingolipid ceramide N-deacylase (SCDase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of the N-acyl linkage between fatty acids and sphingosine bases in various glycosphingolipids, converting them into lysoglycosphingolipids [1].

C-6 NBD-dihydro-Ceramide, a biologically active, fluorescent analog of short-chain ceramides, features membrane permeability.

C18 Ceramide-1-phosphate (d18:1/18:0) is a long-chain molecule identified in murine skin, promoting the migration of mouse bone marrow-derived multipotent stromal cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) at concentrations of 0.5 to 5 µM. It exhibits elevated levels in CFPAC-1 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells compared to pancreatic cancer stem cells, and its myocardial concentration is heightened in Langendorff isolated perfused mouse hearts under an ex vivo ischemia model.