carbocyanine

Stains-All is a cationic dye of carbocyanine.

3,3'-Dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6(3)) is a carbocyanine dye used to monitor changes in mitochondrial membrane potential.

1,1',3,3,3',3'-Hexamethylindotricarbocyanine perchlorate (HITC) is a membrane-potential sensitive, slow-response potentiometric dye, operating at long wavelengths and also used as a laser dye for infrared lasers.

3,3′-Diheptylthiacarbocyanine iodide, a cyanine dye used for measuring membrane potential (λ ex = 562 nm, λ em = 575 nm) [1].

3,3-Dibutylthiacarbocyanine iodide, a fluorescent dye, exhibits an excitation wavelength of 559 nm and an emission wavelength of 604 nm [1].

'3,3'-Dipropylthiacarbocyanine (iodide) serves as a multifunctional dye, essential across various domains ranging from scientific research to clinical diagnostics. In biological experiments, these dyes facilitate the observation and analysis of cell structures, tracking of biomolecules, evaluation of cell functions, differentiation of cell types, detection of biomolecules, examination of tissue pathology, and monitoring of microorganisms. Beyond their scientific and medical applications, they are integral to industries like textile dyeing, functional textile processing, food pigmentation, and the development of dye-sensitized solar cells.

DiI iodide1 is one of lipophilic fluorescent stains for labeling membranes and other hydrophobic structures. The fluorescence of these environment-sensitive dyes is greatly enhanced when incorporated into membranes or bound to lipophilic biomolecules such as proteins although they are weakly fluorescent in water.

DiI triflate is one of lipophilic fluorescent stains for labeling membranes and other hydrophobic structures. The fluorescence of these environment-sensitive dyes is greatly enhanced when incorporated into membranes or bound to lipophilic biomolecules such as proteins although they are weakly fluorescent in water.

DiSC3(5) is a lipophilic cationic fluorescent probe sensitive to changes in membrane potential. 3,3'-Dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide accumulates in hyperpolarized cell membranes, leading to fluorescence quenching; when the membranes are depolarized, the dye is released from the cells and the fluorescence intensity is enhanced, which is used for real-time monitoring of mitochondrial membrane potential changes and membrane hyperpolarization. The maximum excitation/emission wavelength was 622/670 nm.

DiOC16(3) [3,3'-Dihexadecyloxacarbocyanine] is a lipophilic carbocyanine dye used mainly for optical recordings of membrane voltage and for examining membrane fluidity.

DiSC18(3) is a carbocyanine dye that is lipophilic and used for membrane labeling [1].

DiD perchlorate is a lipophilic cyanine dye.

Cy5 DiMe is a CY5-derived dye. CY5 is an amine-reactive cyanine dye with Ex/Em = 650/670 nm, commonly employed for labelling nucleic acids and proteins.

DiO (DiOC18(3)) is a fluorescent lipophilic tracer and can be widely used to label cells, organelles, liposomes, viruses, and lipoproteins.

DiOC3(3) (3,3'-Dipropyloxacarbocyanine iodide) is a green fluorescent lipophilic dye that permeates cell membranes. It is utilized for staining cell membranes and other lipid-soluble biological structures [1] [2].

DiOC5(3) is a lipophilic and membrane potential-sensitive fluorescent dye commonly used for staining mitochondria in live cells. DiOC5(3) can also selectively label leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) and inhibit proliferation, leading to excessive ROS production and inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation.

3,3'-Diheptyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC7(3)) is a green membrane potential probe with excitation and emission wavelengths of 450-490 nm and 510-520 nm, respectively. It is useful in quantifying vascular densities [1].

DTTCI (3,3′-Diethylthiatricarbocyanine iodide), an infrared photographic sensitizing dye, serves as a highly sensitive chiroptical reporter for DNA helicity and sequence [1] [2].

JC-1 (CBIC2) is a fluorescent lipophilic carbonyl cyanine dye. JC-1 is used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential. When the mitochondrial membrane potential is relatively high, JC-1 converges in the matrix to form a polymer, which can produce red fluorescence (λex=585 nm, λem=590 nm). When the mitochondrial membrane potential is low, JC-1 cannot accumulate in the mitochondrial matrix and exists in the form of monomers to produce green fluorescence (λex=510 nm, λem=527 nm).

DiIC16(3), a long-chain carbocyanine dye, is extensively utilized for labeling cells, organelles, liposomes, viruses, and lipoproteins [2].