b. cereus

Nonanal is a growth factor for wood-rotting fungi. Nonanal is a potential attractant for the pine shoot beetle.

Terpendole I is a fungal metabolite that has been found in A. yamanashiensis.1 It is a weak inhibitor of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT; IC50 = 145 μM) and is active against the bacteria B. cereus and B. subtilis (MICs = 100 μg/ml for both) but not S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, or K. pneumoniae (MICs = >200 μg/ml for all) or the fungus C. albicans (MIC = 200 μg/ml).1,2 It is cytotoxic to HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 52.6 μM.3 |1. Tomoda, H., Tabata, N., Yang, D.-J., et al. Terpendoles, novel ACAT inhibitors produced by Albophoma yamanashiensis. III. Production, isolation and structure elucidation of new components. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 48(8), 793-804 (1995).|2. Zhao, J.-C., Wang, Y.-L., Zhang, T.-Y., et al. Indole diterpenoids from the endophytic fungus Drechmeria sp. as natural antimicrobial agents. Phytochemistry 148, 21-28 (2018).|3. Nagumo, Y., Motoyama, T., Hayashi, T., et al. Structure-activity relationships of terpendole E and its natural derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2(4), 1533-1536 (2017).

Aspergillin PZ is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. awamori. It induces morphological deformation of P. oryzae conidia when used at a concentration of 89 nM. Aspergillin PZ is active against S. epidermidis (MIC = 20 μM) but not S. aureus, E. coli, or B. cereus (MICs = >20 μM). It is cytotoxic to HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells (IC50 = 56.61 μM) but not THP-1 acute monocytic leukemia or PC3 prostate cancer cells (IC50s = >80 μM).

Nybomycin is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from Streptomyces sp. A717 and has antibacterial activity. It is active against B. subtilis, B. cereus, B. mycoides, M. smegmatis, and K. pneumoniae (MICs = 0.025, 2, 0.8, 0.2, and 0.003 μg/ml, respectively). Nybomycin is also active against M. tuberculosis and M. bovis (MICs = 4.5 and 1 μg/ml, respectively).

Phanerosporic acid is a fungal secondary metabolite originally isolated from P. chrysosporum that has antibacterial activity against B. cereus, B. subtilis, and E. coli and antifungal activity against S. cerevisiae, A. niger, O. ulmi, U. maydis, C. cucmerinum, C. cladosporioides, and B. cinerea.1 It has been used in the synthesis of macrolide derivatives.References1. Arnone, A., Assante, G., Nasini, G., et al. Phanerosporic acid, a β-resorcylate obtained from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Phytochemistry 28(10), 2803-2806 (1989). Phanerosporic acid is a fungal secondary metabolite originally isolated from P. chrysosporum that has antibacterial activity against B. cereus, B. subtilis, and E. coli and antifungal activity against S. cerevisiae, A. niger, O. ulmi, U. maydis, C. cucmerinum, C. cladosporioides, and B. cinerea.1 It has been used in the synthesis of macrolide derivatives. References1. Arnone, A., Assante, G., Nasini, G., et al. Phanerosporic acid, a β-resorcylate obtained from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Phytochemistry 28(10), 2803-2806 (1989).

Asperglaucin B, an alkylated salicylaldehyde derivative isolated from the fungus Aspergillus chevalieri SQ-8, exhibits significant antibacterial properties. This compound demonstrates potent activity against the plant pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidae (Psa) and Bacillus cereus, achieving a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 6.25 μM [1].

Plipastatin A1, a lipopeptide isolated from B. cereus, demonstrates enzyme inhibitory and immunosuppressant properties. It effectively inhibits enzymes phospholipase A2 (PLA2), phospholipase C (PLC), and phospholipase D (PLD) with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 2.9, 1.3, and 1.4 µM, respectively. Additionally, at a concentration of 100 µg/ml, plipastatin A1 inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced B cell blastogenesis and T cell blastogenesis triggered by concanavalin A. In vivo studies reveal that a dose of 0.1 mg/animal effectively suppresses delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice.

Euchrestaflavanone B shows antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. Euchrestaflavanone B may function by inhibiting oncogenic disease, at least in part, through the inhibition of

Euryachin E is an antimicrobial and antiviral agent identified from Eurya chinensis. It shows a MIC of 6.25 μg mL against B. cereus, a MIC of 0.78 μg mL against S. aureus, and an IC50 of 6.41 μM against COVID-19. Euryachin E is applicable in research related to infections and inflammation.