airway inflammation

Levofloxacin ((-)-Ofloxacin) is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibiotic that inhibits the superhelical activity of bacterial DNA rotamase and prevents DNA replication. Levofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used for the treatment of a wide range of bacterial infections.

3-CPs (3-Carbethoxypsoralen) is a bleomycin-induced serotypic podoplanar polysaccharide in mouse lung fibrosis that belongs to the psoralen family and interferes with antibody-mediated bacterial killing.3-CPs delays bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice and can be used in studies of airway inflammation and asthma.

Elubrixin (SB-656933) inhibits neutrophil CD11b upregulation (IC50 of 260.7 nM) and shape change (IC50 of 310.5 nM). Elubrixin can be used for inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and airway inflammation. Elubrixin is a potent, selective, competitive, reversible and orally active CXCR2 antagonist and an IL-8 receptor antagonist.

Levofloxacin hydrate (Cravit hydrate) is a broad-spectrum, third-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic and optically active L-isomer of ofloxacin with antibacterial activity. Levofloxacin diffuses through the bacterial cell wall and acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase (bacterial topoisomerase II), an enzyme required for DNA replication, RNA transcription, and repair of bacterial DNA. Inhibition of DNA gyrase activity leads to blockage of bacterial cell growth.

Sodium Hydrogen Sulfide (hydrate) is, like nitric oxide, an important gaseous mediator that has significant effects on the immunological, neurological, cardiovascular and pulmonary systems of mammals. Sodium Hydrogen Sulfide (hydrate) is an H2S donor commonly used in cellular and whole animal experimental systems. For example, it has been used to suggest that H2S promotes neutrophil migration, reduces airway inflammation, and protects neurites, heart, and intestine from chemical or ischemic-reperfusion damage.

Levofloxacin is a broad-spectrum, third-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic and optically active L-isomer of ofloxacin with antibacterial activity. Levofloxacin diffuses through the bacterial cell wall and acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase (bacterial topoisomerase II), an enzyme required for DNA replication, RNA transcription, and repair of bacterial DNA. Inhibition of DNA gyrase activity leads to blockage of bacterial cell growth.

Mogroside V is a widely used sweetener, has in vitro AMPK activating effect, it also has anti-inflammatory potential in murine macrophages and a murine ear edema model, and has the potential to protect against LPS-induced airway inflammation in a model of ALI. Mogroside V has antioxidant properties and possesses tumor growth inhibitory activity in pancreatic cancer models.

Nodakenin ((+)-Marmesinin) is a compound with anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities.

1. Narirutin (Naringenin-7-O-rutinoside) has antiproliferative property. 2. Narirutin has anti-oxidant property. 3. Narirutin has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties , can reduce airway inflammation in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized challenged NC Nga mice , a model of allergic eosinophilic airway inflammation.

Sphondin has anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative activities, it possessed an inhibitory effect on IL-1beta-induced increase in the level of COX-2 protein and PGE(2) release in A549 cells.

Eucalyptol, a natural monoterpenoid and cyclic ether found in eucalyptus species, effectively controls excessive airway mucus secretion and asthma by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines. It serves as an efficacious treatment for non-purulent sinusitis, reducing inflammation and pain when applied topically, and demonstrating leukemic cell-killing capabilities in vitro.

GS143 is a selective IκBα ubiquitination inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.2 μM for SCFβTrCP1-mediated IκBα ubiquitylation. It suppresses NF-κB activation and transcription of target genes without inhibiting proteasome activity. GS143 has anti-asthm[atic] properties.

ZL0590 is an effective and selective inhibitor of BD1-BRD4 (IC50 = 90 nM) with anti-inflammatory activities.

ZL0420 is a potent and selective bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitor with nanomolar binding affinities to the bromodomains (BDs) of BRD4, exhibiting IC50 values of 27 nM against BRD4 BD1 and 32 nM against BRD4 BD2.

Sodium aceneuramate, the sodium salt of aceneuramic acid (sialic acid), serves as an effective inhalant expectorant. Upon inhalation, this compound alleviates airway inflammation and enables bronchitic rabbits to expectorate sputa resembling the low viscosity of normal airway secretions.

Sodium aceneuramate, a sodium salt of aceneuramic acid (sialic acid), serves as an efficacious inhalant expectorant. Upon inhalation, it alleviates airway inflammation and facilitates the production of sputa with reduced viscosity in bronchitic rabbits, mirroring the characteristics of normal air-way secretions.

Levofloxacin mesylate is an orally active antibiotic effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes. Levofloxacin mesylate is employed in research related to chronic periodontitis, airway inflammation, and BK viremia. Additionally, it possesses anti-Orthopoxvirus activity.

Sul-121 has anti-oxidative capacity. In experimental chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) models, Sul-121 HCl inhibits airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness (AHR) prospectively through inhibition of oxidative stress.

Indimilast is used to inhibit phosphodiesterase IV that regulates lung inflammation and causes bronchiectasis by increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate in airway smooth muscle and inflammatory cells. Potential to treat chronic obst

Betamethasone 21-phosphate is a synthetic glucocorticoid.1It prevents increases in macrophage and eosinophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and decreases in blood leukocyte numbers in a guinea pig model of parainfluenza-3 viral infection when administered at a dose of 8 mg/kg but does not prevent airway hyperresponsiveness after infection.2Betamethasone 21-phosphate inhibits cell infiltration into the aqueous humor in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis when administered topically or subcutaneously at doses of 0.01-1% or 1 mg/kg, respectively.3It increases maximal lung pressure volume curves in fetal sheep when administered to pregnant ewes at 0.75 gestation at doses of 80 and 170 μg/kg.1Betamethasone 21-phosphate increases body weight, impairs learning and memory, increases anxiolytic behavior, and reduces hippocampal neurogenesis in CD-1 mice but reduces body weight and increases neurogenesis with no effect on anxiety in high-anxiety DBA/2 mice when administered at a dose of approximately 25 mg/kg per day in the drinking water for seven weeks.4Formulations containing betamethasone 12-phosphate and betamethasone acetate have been used in the treatment of severe allergic conditions and a variety of immune-related conditions. 1.Loehle, M., Schwab, M., Kadner, S., et al.Dose-response effects of betamethasone on maturation of the fetal sheep lungAm. J. Obstet. Gynecol.202(2)186.e181-186.e187(2010) 2.Leusink-Muis, A., Ten Broeke, R., Folkerts, G., et al.Betamethasone prevents virus-induced airway inflammation but not airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigsClin. Exp. Allergy29(Suppl. 2)82-85(1999) 3.Tsuji, F., Sawa, K., Kato, M., et al.The effects of betamethasone derivatives on endotoxin-induced uveitis in ratExp. Eye Res.64(1)31-36(1997) 4.Aiello, R., Crupi, R., Leo, A., et al.Long-term betamethasone 21-phosphate disodium treatment has distinct effects in CD1 and DBA/2 mice on animal behavior accompanied by opposite effects on neurogenesisBehav. Brain Res.278155-166(2015)

Platyconic Acid A, derived from changkil saponins extracted from platycodon grandiflorum, is a potent compound employed for studying the mitigation of airway inflammation.

Elubrixin tosylate (SB-656933 tosylate) is a high-potency, selective, competitive, and reversible CXCR2 and IL-8 receptor antagonist. It effectively inhibits neutrophil CD11b upregulation (IC50 of 260.7 nM) and shape change (IC50 of 310.5 nM). This compound holds promise for studying inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and airway inflammation.

ABE171, also known as NVP-ABE171, is a potent and novel phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activities. NVP-ABE171 inhibited the activity of phosphodiesterase 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D with respective IC(50) values of 602, 34, 1230, and 1.5 nM. In human cells, NVP-ABE171 inhibited the eosinophil and neutrophil oxidative burst, the release of cytokines by T cells, and the tumor necrosis factor-alpha release from monocytes, in the nanomolar range. NVP-ABE171 inhibited the airway neutrophil influx and activation with an ED(50) in the range of 3 mg kg. NVP-ABE171 shows activity both in vitro on human inflammatory cells and in vivo in animal models of lung inflammation.

1. Byakangelicol may inhibit P-gp expressed at the BBB even under in vivo conditions. 2. Byakangelicol can inhibit IL-1beta-induced PGE2 release in A549 cells; this inhibition may be mediated by suppression of COX-2 expression and the activity of COX-2 en