TAA

Thioacetamide (TAA) is an indirect hepatotoxin commonly used to induce experimental liver injury. It is metabolized by CYP2E1 into reactive metabolites that covalently bind to proteins and lipids, leading to oxidative stress and centrilobular necrosis, hepatocyte death, and M1/M2 macrophage-dominated inflammation. TAA is widely used to establish models of chronic liver fibrosis, hepatic encephalopathy, and liver cancer.

β-Amyloid (25-35) is a fragment of the Alzheimer’s amyloid beta peptide Aβ(25-35), exhibiting neurotoxic effects and commonly used to establish both cellular and animal models of Alzheimer’s disease.

β-Amyloid (1-42), rat/mouse TFA is a 42-amino-acid polypeptide fragment that exhibits neurotoxicity to hippocampal slices and is commonly used to establish Alzheimer's disease models for related research.

β-Amyloid (1-42), rat/mouse is a peptide composed of 42 amino acids that exerts significant neurotoxic effects on hippocampal slices, causing neuronal damage and functional impairment. It is commonly used to establish both in vitro and in vivo Alzheimer's disease models.

β-Amyloid (42-1), human is the inactive form of amyloid β peptide (1-42), consisting of 42 amino acids. It plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and is commonly used to induce Alzheimer's disease models.