MLKL

MLKL-IN-2 is an MLKL inhibitor with potential tumorigenic activity for the study of cellular necrosis-related diseases.

GW806742X is an inhibitor of Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like protein (MLKL) which binds the MLKL pseudokinase domain (Kd: 9.3 μM) with anti-necroptosis activity. GW806742X has activity against VEGFR2.

BIX-01294 is an G9a Histone Methyltransferase inhibitor(IC50 : 1.9 μM).

PROTAC MLKL Degrader-2, a PROTAC that targets MLKL (Mixed Lineage Kinase), incorporates the PROTAC target protein ligand, E3 ligase ligand Thalidomide, and PROTAC Linker N-Methylpiperazine. The conjugate of the E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand and Linker is Thalidomide-N-Methylpiperazine. This compound exhibits antinecroptotic activity in human cell lines and effectively degrades MLKL in the HT-29 xenograft mouse model.

MLKL-IN-1, a covalent inhibitor of MLKL, has a dissociation constant (Kd) of 50 μM.

MLKL-IN-5 is a potent MLKL inhibitor that mediates necroptosis.

MLKL-IN-6 (compound P28) is a mixed lineage kinase inhibitor that specifically targets the Mixed Lineage Kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein. It effectively prevents MLKL phosphorylation and oligomerization, which are critical steps in cell necrosis. Additionally, MLKL-IN-6 restrains immune cell death, diminishes adhesion factor expression, exhibits low cytotoxicity, impedes hepatic stellate cell activation, decreases liver fibrosis marker levels, and exerts anti-fibrotic effects [1].

PROTAC MLKL Degrader-1 (Compound 36) is a selective PROTAC degrader targeting MLKL, with a degradation maximum (D max) exceeding 90%. The compound incorporates modified cereblon (CRBN) ligands and a lenalidomide-linker within its structure, effectively inhibiting cell death in a TSZ-induced model of necroptosis.

TC13172 is a potent and covalent inhibitor that specifically targets the mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), exhibiting significant selectivity for MLKL over the closely related receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 (RIPK1) and RIPK3 at a concentration of 10 µM.TC13172 effectively inhibits necroptosis induced by the TSZ combination (TNF-α, a Smac mimetic, and Z-VAD-FMK) in HT-29 cells with a EC50 of 2 nM and, at 100 nM, blocks TSZ-induced oligomerization and plasma membrane translocation of MLKL.

Antitumor agent-87 is a potent compound exhibiting high antitumoral activity, with a Ki value of 0.23 µM for CYP1A1. It demonstrates antiproliferative effects and induces cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, underscoring its effectiveness as an antitumor agent.

BIX-01294 trihydrochloride is an inhibitor of G9a histone methyltransferase.In a cell-free assay, the IC50=2.7 μM for G9a histone methyltransferase.

(E Z)-Necrosulfonamide is a novel inhibitor of MLKL.

Thalidomide-N-methylpiperazine functions as an E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate and is instrumental in the synthesis of PROTAC MLKL Degrader-2. This compound demonstrates antinecroptotic activity in human cell lines and effectively degrades MLKL in the HT-29 xenograft mouse model.

RIP3 Activator 1 (compound C8) is an effective RIP3 activator that inhibits cell growth and induces necroptotic cell death (necroptosis) and autophagy through the RIP3 p62 Keap1 signaling pathway. Additionally, this compound enhances the expression of p-MLKL and promotes the accumulation of LC3-II and p62 proteins.

TopoisomeraseI II inhibitor 8 (Compound Ru7) is a dual catalytic inhibitor of TopoisomeraseI II that induces DNA damage and activates PARP-1, leading to the activation of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL, ultimately causing necroptosis. It shows significant anticancer activity by effectively targeting cancer cell nuclei and inducing cell death through necroptosis, offering substantial clinical potential in overcoming resistance in cancer treatment.

Anticanceragent 267 (Compound 5q) serves as an activator of RIPK3 and MLKL. It effectively inhibits the proliferation of several cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 9.79, 10.77, and 5.94 μM for MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-486, and MCF-7, respectively. The compound induces cell cycle arrest at the subG1 phase and triggers necroptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, Anticanceragent 267 demonstrates antitumor activity in mouse xenograft models.

RIP1-IN-1 is an orally bioavailable RIP1 inhibitor with a high binding affinity (Kd: 110 nM). This compound exhibits significant activity against necroptosis and effectively suppresses necrosome formation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL pathways. RIP1-IN-1 can inhibit necroptosis and is applicable in research on acute liver injury.

MBA-m1 is an MLKL inhibitor that suppresses necroptosis in Mlkl−/−NIH-3T3 cells. Additionally, MBA-m1 alleviates disease conditions in mouse models of dermatitis and abdominal aortic aneurysm induced by MLKL.

ZYH-23 is a potent inhibitor of necroptosis. It targets HSP90 to inhibit the phosphorylation of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL, effectively blocking programmed cell necrosis.

IM-54 is a cell-permeable, effective, and selective necrosis inhibitor.

Necrosulfonamide ((E)-Necrosulfonamide) is a necroptosis inhibitor that targets MLKL and is selective. Necrosulfonamide prevents the MLKL-RIP1-RIP3 necrosomal complex from interacting with its downstream effectors.

RI-962 is a potent and selective inhibitor of RIPK1 that dose-dependently protects cells from necrotic apoptosis induced by TNFα, Smac mimics, and Z-VAD-FMK by inhibiting RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL phosphorylation with EC50=10.0 nM~17.8 nM, and improves survival in mice in two models of inflammation.

NecroIr1, an iridium(III) complex, acts as a necroptosis inducer in Cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells (A549R). It selectively targets mitochondria, causing oxidative stress and reducing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). By activating receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 (RIPK3) and Mixed Lineage Kinase (MLKL), and modulating CDK4 expression, NecroIr1 facilitates cell death mechanisms [1].

NecroIr2, an iridium(III) complex, functions as a necroptosis inducer in cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells (A549R). It preferentially accumulates in mitochondria, causing oxidative stress and a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Moreover, NecroIr2 initiates the activation of receptor-interacting serine threonine kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL), while also regulating CDK4 expression [1].