Adenosine 2' monophosphate

Adenosine-2'-monophosphate (2'-AMP) is a nucleoside derived from the conversion of 2',3'-CAMP. It inhibits inflammatory cytokine production by microglia and suppresses TNF-α and CXCL10 production in activated primary mouse microglia through A2A receptors.

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate monohydrate (5'-AMP) , also known as 5'-adenylic acid, is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid and the nucleoside adenosine. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate monohydrate consists of a phosphate group, the sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. As a substituent it takes the form of the prefix adenylyl-.

Ritodrine hydrochloride (NSC 291565) binds to and activates beta-2 adrenergic receptors of myometrial cells in the uterus, which decreases the intensity and frequency of uterine contractions. Ritodrine hydrochloride (NSC 291565) is a phenethylamine derivative with tocolytic activity. Specifically, Ritodrine hydrochloride (NSC 291565) probably activates adenyl cyclase, thereby increasing production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which in turn enhances the efflux of calcium from vascular smooth muscle cells. A lack of intracellular calcium prevents uterine myometrial contractions. In addition, this agent may directly inactivate myosin light chain kinase, a critical enzyme necessary for the initiation of muscle contractions.

5'-Guanylic acid (5'-guanosine monophosphate) is implicated in several metabolic disorders, including the AICA-ribosiduria pathway, adenosine deaminase deficiency, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (APRT), and the 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria pathway.

2′-Deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate disodium (a nucleic acid AMP derivative) is a deoxyribonucleotide in DNA, used for studying adenosine-based interactions in DNA synthesis and damage analysis.

5'-Guanylic acid disodium salt (GMP-5) is a purine ribonucleoside monophosphate. L-Glutamic acid and guanosine monophosphate are biosynthesized from xanthylic acid and L-glutamine via GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]. Guanosine triphosphate and guanosine monophosphate are biosynthesized from diguanosine tetraphosphate via bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase [asymmetrical]. In humans, guanosine monophosphate is involved in the kanamycin, telithromycin, tobramycin, and erythromycin action pathways, and several metabolic disorders including AICA-ribosiduria, adenosine deaminase deficiency, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (aprt), and 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria (D and L form) pathways. Guanosine monophosphate is also found in foods like onion-family vegetables, millet, Chinese water chestnut, and red rice, serving as a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.

AMPD2 inhibitor 1 is an adenosine monophosphate deaminase 2 (AMPD2) inhibitor, useful for studying anorexia in the nervous system.

GLP-1R agonist 27 (compound 21) is a potent and orally active GLP-1R agonist. It enhances the accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), reduces blood glucose levels, and decreases food intake. GLP-1R agonist 27 shows potential for research in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

2-MeSADP (2-Methylthioadenosine diphosphate; 2-Methylthio-ADP) is a potent agonist of purinergic (P2Y) receptors, displaying EC50 values of 19 nM for human P2Y13, 6.2 nM for mouse P2Y13, and 5 nM for human P2Y12. It also has pEC50 values of 8.29 for human P2Y1 and 5.75 for rat P2Y6. 2-MeSADP induces platelet aggregation and morphological changes, while inhibiting the accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in platelets in the presence of prostaglandin E1.

GLP-1R agonist 32 (Compound 111) is an orally active and potent GLP-1R agonist with an EC50 value of 0.017 nM. It stimulates the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) by activating GLP-1R, which enhances insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon release, and delays gastric emptying to regulate blood glucose levels. GLP-1R agonist 32 shows potential for research in type 2 diabetes, obesity, and related metabolic disorders.

Adenosine 3'-monophosphate (sodium salt hydrate) (3'-AMP) is a nucleotide and cAMP-generating agonist that elevates cAMP levels in NG108-15 cells. Adenosine 3'-monophosphate is converted to adenosine via the A2B receptor, thereby inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation.

Adenosine 5'-methylenediphosphate is an inhibitor of ecto-5'-nucleotidase, also known as CD73, with a Kivalue of 37 nM.1It inhibits cAMP accumulation induced by adenosine 5'-monophosphate , adenosine 5'-diphosphate , or adenosine 5'-triphosphate but not adenosine in VA-13 human fibroblasts when used at a concentration of 100 μM. Adenosine 5'-methylenediphosphate reduces proliferation of U138MG glioma cells, as well as inhibits the invasion and migration of MHCC97H hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in a migration assay.2,3It increases tumor infiltration of CD3+CD8+T cells and reduces tumor growth in a K1735 murine melanoma model when administered at a dose of 400 μg/mouse.4 1.Bruns, R.F.Adenosine receptor activation by adenine nucleotides requires conversion of the nucleotides to adenosineNaunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol.315(1)5-13(1980) 2.Braganhol, E., Tamajusuku, A.S.K., Bernardi, A., et al.Ecto-5′-nucleotidase/CD73 inhibition by quercetin in the human U138MG glioma cell lineBiochim. Biophys. Acta1770(9)1352-1359(2007) 3.Shali, S., Yu, J., Zhang, X., et al.Ecto\5′\nucleotidase (CD73) is a potential target of hepatocellular carcinomaJ. Cell Physiol.234(7)10248-10259(2018) 4.Forte, G., Sorrentino, R., Montinaro, A., et al.Inhibition of CD73 improves B cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity in a mouse model of melanomaJ. Immunol.189(5)2226-2233(2021)

2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-monophosphate (D-AMP) is a nucleoside comprised of adenine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) moiety via a -N9-glycosidic bond. Deoxyadenosine monophosphate is a derivative of the common nucleic acid ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, in which the -OH (hydroxyl) group on the 2' carbon on the nucleotide's pentose has been removed (hence the deoxy- part of the name). Additionally, the monophosphate of the name indicates that two of the phosphoryl groups of GTP have been removed, most likely by hydrolysis. Deoxyadenosine monophosphate is abbreviated dAMP.

Cefminox (Sodium) is a new cephamycin antibiotic possessing a D-amino acid moiety derived from D-cysteine at the C-7B side chain. Cefminox is active against a wide range of bacteria, especially Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria. Cefminox shows excellent in vivo efficacy (ED50) which is higher than would be expected from its in vitro activity (MIC). Moreover, cefminox possesses more potent activity in suppression of bacterial regrowth than other cephems[1]. Cefminox (Sodium) was the most active beta-lactam, with an MIC at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (MIC50) of 1.0 microg/ml and an MIC90 of 16.0 microg/ml. Cefminox was especially active against Bacteroides fragilis (MIC90, 2.0 microg/ml), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (MIC90, 4.0 microg/ml), fusobacteria (MIC90, 1.0 microg/ml), peptostreptococci (MIC90, 2.0 microg/ml), and clostridia, including Clostridium difficile (MIC90, 2.0 microg/ml)[2]. The use of a single preoperative dose of cefminox was similar in efficacy to 3 doses of cefoxitin administered every 4 hours, and that the serum and tissue concentrations attained provide adequate antibiotic coverage[3]. Moreover, cefminox as a dual agonist of IP (Prostacyclin receptor) and PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma) that significantly inhibits PASMC proliferation by up-regulation of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) and cAMP ( cyclic adenosine monophosphate), suggesting that it has potential for treatment of PAH(pulmonary arterial hypertension)[4].

2'-O-Methyladenosine 5'-monophosphate triethyl ammonium is an adenosine analog that primarily functions as a smooth muscle vasodilator and has demonstrated potential in inhibiting cancer progression. Its notable products include adenosine phosphate, Acadesine, Clofarabine, Fludarabine phosphate, and Vidarabine [1].

Phosphodiesterase 2 (II), a key enzyme prominently involved in the hydrolysis of vital second messengers, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), is frequently utilized in biochemical research. This enzyme is expressed across various tissues including the adrenal medulla, brain, heart, platelets, macrophages, and endothelial cells, playing a significant role in the regulation of diverse intracellular processes [1].

LeuRS-IN-2 (Compound 9) acts as an inhibitor of Wolbachia Leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) in the presence of adenosine monophosphate (AMP), exhibiting an EC50 value of 6 nM and effectively inhibiting the growth of pathogenic hosts. It forms an adenosine adduct to hinder protein synthesis and shows promise in studies aimed at developing new antimicrobial agents targeting microbial communities.

7-CH-5'-dAMP (5'-dTuMP) is an adenosine monophosphate derivative that serves as a potential substrate, competitive inhibitor, or modulator for enzymes interacting with 2-deoxyadenosine-5'-monophosphate.

5'-Guanylic acid (Standard) is the standard substance of 5'-Guanylic acid, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. 5'-Guanylic acid (5'-guanosine monophosphate) is involved in several metabolic disorders, including AICA-ribosiduria pathway, adenosine deaminase deficiency,adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (aprt), and the 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria pathway.

5'-Guanylic acid disodium salt (Standard) is the standard substance of 5'-Guanylic acid disodium salt, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. 5'-Guanylic acid disodium salt (GMP-5) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine ribonucleoside monophosphates. In particular, L-Glutamic acid and guanosine monophosphate can be biosynthesized from xanthylic acid and L-glutamine; which is catalyzed by the enzyme GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]. In addition, Guanosine triphosphate and guanosine monophosphate can be biosynthesized from diguanosine tetraphosphate; which is catalyzed by the enzyme bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase [asymmetrical]. In humans, guanosine monophosphate is involved in the kanamycin action pathway, the telithromycin action pathway, the tobramycin action pathway, and the erythromycin action pathway. Guanosine monophosphate is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include the AICA-ribosiduria pathway, adenosine deaminase deficiency, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (aprt), and the 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria (D and L form) pathway. Outside of the human body, guanosine monophosphate can be found in a number of food items such as onion-family vegetables, millet, chinese water chestnut, and red rice. This makes guanosine monophosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Ritodrine hydrochloride (Standard) is the standard substance of Ritodrine hydrochloride, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Ritodrine hydrochloride (NSC 291565) binds to and activates beta-2 adrenergic receptors of myometrial cells in the uterus, which decreases the intensity and frequency of uterine contractions. Ritodrine hydrochloride (NSC 291565) is a phenethylamine derivative with tocolytic activity. Specifically, Ritodrine hydrochloride (NSC 291565) probably activates adenyl cyclase, thereby increasing production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which in turn enhances the efflux of calcium from vascular smooth muscle cells. A lack of intracellular calcium prevents uterine myometrial contractions. In addition, this agent may directly inactivate myosin light chain kinase, a critical enzyme necessary for the initiation of muscle contractions.

Kushenol A is a kind of Adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate(cAMP)phosphodiesterase inhibitiors, it shows selective alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Kushenol A and kushenol C exhibit inhibitory activity against Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2(SGLT2).