19hydroxy prostaglandin e1

Tirzepatide (LY3298176) Acetate (2023788-19-2 free base) is a new molecule that can control blood glucose levels by combining dual agonism of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors.[3]

Tirzepatide sodium salt (LY3298176 sodium salt) is a GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist with neuroprotective activity and can be used to treat obesity.

L-Glutathione reduced (Glutathione) is a naturally occurring tripeptide found in cells as an endogenous antioxidant that scavenges oxygen free radicals. L-Glutathione reduced is a cofactor for certain enzymes and is involved in the rearrangement of protein disulfide bonds and the reduction of peroxides.

A-1155463, a highly potent and selective BCL-XL inhibitor, shows picomolar binding affinity to BCL-XL, and >1000-fold weaker binding to BCL-2 and related proteins BCL-W(Ki=19 nM) and MCL-1(Ki>440 nM).

Protein Kinase C 19-31 acetate, a peptide inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), derived from the pseudo-substrate regulatory domain of PKCa (residues 19-31) with a serine at position 25 replacing the wild-type alanine, is used as protein kinase C substrate

inhibitor of both glial and neuronal uptake of glutamate, aspartate and cysteate.

BMSpep-57 hydrochloride, a potent macrocyclic peptide, competitively inhibits PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, exhibiting an IC50 value of 7.68 nM. It binds to PD-L1 with dissociation constants (Kds) of 19 nM and 19.88 nM as determined by MST and SPR assays, respectively. This compound enhances T cell functionality by promoting IL-2 production in PBMCs[1].

BMSpep-57, a potent macrocyclic peptide inhibitor, competitively disrupts the PD-1 PD-L1 interaction, demonstrating a significant inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 7.68 nM. It exhibits binding affinity towards PD-L1 with dissociation constants (Kd) of 19 nM and 19.88 nM in MicroScale Thermophoresis (MST) and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) assays, respectively. This compound enhances T cell functionality by promoting Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production within Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs).

Camstatin TFA, a 25-residue fragment derived from the IQ motif of PEP-19, effectively binds to calmodulin and inhibits neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase, demonstrating its functional activity [1].

Melanin Concentrating Hormone, salmon TFA (MCH (salmon) TFA), is a 19-amino-acid neuropeptide discovered in the pituitary gland of teleost fish; it regulates food intake, energy balance, sleep states, and cardiovascular functions, and acts as a ligand for the orphan G protein-coupled receptors SLC-1 GPR24 and MCHR2.

Protein Kinase C (19-31) TFA is a peptide inhibitor derived from the pseudo-substrate regulatory domain of PKCa (residues 19-31), featuring a serine substitution for alanine at position 25. It serves as a substrate peptide for evaluating Protein Kinase C (PKC) activity, playing a crucial role in modulating protein functions by phosphorylating the hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine amino acids on target proteins [1] [2].

Elabela(19-32) TFA, an effective fragment of ELABELA (ELA), selectively engages with the apelin receptor (APJ). This compound initiates G αi1 and β-arrestin-2 signaling, demonstrating EC50 values of 8.6 nM and 166 nM, respectively. It facilitates receptor internalization, lowers arterial pressure, and has a positive inotropic impact on cardiac function [1].

Dabcyl-KTSAVLQSGFRKME-Edans TFA, a fluorogenic peptide, serves as a substrate for quantifying protease enzymatic activities. This compound is also under investigation for its applicability in studying 2019-nCoV (COVID-19) infection [1] [2] [3].

Edratide (TV 4710), a 19-amino-acid synthetic peptide derived from the complementarity-determining region 1 (CDR1) of a human anti-DNA antibody that exhibits the 16 6 Id idiotype, has been found to lower apoptosis rates and regulate the expression of caspase-8 and caspase-3 downward, while increasing Bcl-xL expression. It shows promise for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) research [1] [2] [3].

Protein Kinase C (19-35) Peptide, acting as a PKC pseudosubstrate inhibitor region, can potentially inhibit PKC activity by blocking the substrate-binding site within the kinase domain, thereby inactivating the cytoplasmic form of PKC [1] [2].

Angiotensin 1 2 (1-9) is containing the amino acids 1-9 that are converted from Angiotensin I II peptide.

Angiotensin 1 2 (1-9)TFA is containing the amino acids 1-9 that are converted from Angiotensin I II peptide.

KAMP-19 is a keratin-derived antimicrobial peptide with activity against P. aeruginosa. [1]

GLK-19, an antimicrobial peptide, exhibits activity against E. coli with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 10 μM [1].

GLR-19 is an anti-HIV peptide with demonstrated antiviral activity against HSV-2 [1] [2].

Myosin light chain kinase fragment 11-19 amide (MLCK(11-19) amide) acts as a substrate-specific peptide inhibitor of MLCK and inhibits hypotonicity-induced Ca2+ entry, with applications in human cervical cancer research [1] [2].

HIF-1 alpha (556-574) TFA is a 19-residue fragment of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), the master regulator of oxygen homeostasis [1].

Glucagon (22-29) acts as a partial agonist of Glucagon (19–29) and independently inhibits the calcium (Ca2+) pump in liver plasma membranes without activating adenylate cyclase [1] [2].

Tat-Gap 19, a peptide inhibitor of connexin43 (Cx43) hemichannels, is derived from the HIV-1 Tat protein transduction domain fused with a nine-amino acid sequence from Cx43 residues 128-136. This compound, at a concentration of 10 µM, effectively suppresses glutamate-induced ATP release in primary rat hepatocytes, indicating inhibition of Cx43 hemichannel activity. Furthermore, Tat-Gap 19 demonstrates therapeutic potential by significantly reducing infarct volume in a mouse cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) at a dosage of 25 mg/kg. Moreover, its intraperitoneal administration at 1 mg/kg per day ameliorates fibrosis and decreases the area of hepatic stellate cells, the precursors to myofibroblasts, expressing α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), in a model of thioacetamide-induced liver damage. Additionally, it enhances superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in hepatic cells from the treated mice, indicating its antioxidative benefits.