Other enzyme substrates

C12FDG (5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein di-beta-D-Galactopyranoside) is used as a lipophilic green fluorescent substrate for detecting beta-galactose activity, a green fluorescent substrate, is a senescence marker and is often used in conjunction with flow cytometry.

X-GAL (BCIG) is a widely used chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase, which cleaves X-GAL to produce an insoluble blue compound.

Suc-AAPF-pNA (Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA) is a substrate chromogen that releases a yellow 4-nitroaniline upon cleavage and is a substrate for many proteases and prostate-specific antigens (PAs), and can be used to identify novel protein hydrolytic activities in yeast mutants.

X-Gluc cyclohexanamine is a dye used to detect β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity and serves as a marker for gene expression, enabling the detection of target gene expression.

GPDA (Glycylproline p-nitroanilide tosylate) is a substrate of X-Prolyl dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase in the enzyme assay.

7-hydroxycoumarinyl-γ-Linolenate is a substrate for cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), which shows cPLA2α enzymatic activity through hydrolysis of 7-hydroxycoumarinyl-γ-linolenate.

EDANS (EDANS acid [5-((2-Aminoethyl)amino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid]) is a novel and quenched fluorogenic substrate for assaying retroviral protease by resonance energy transfer (RET).

Boc-Val-Pro-Arg-MCA TFA is a sensitive fluorescent substrate that is a thrombin substrate for the determination of trypsin-like serine protease activity.

4-Methylumbelliferyl heptanoate (4-Methylumbelliferyl enanthate) is a lipase fluorescent substrate that detects cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cell proliferation.

Z-Gly-Pro-Arg-AMC hydrochloride is a synthetic peptide that is often used as a trypsin and histone K fluorescent substrate to measure enzyme activity, which fluoresces when the enzyme is cleaved from the peptide.

Firefly Luciferase mRNA (N1-Me-Pseudo UTP) is an mRNA sequence encoding firefly luciferase, which can express luciferase protein in cells after transfection, and is commonly used in gene regulation, cell viability assay, ATP level analysis and in vivo imaging, etc. It can be used as a positive control for mRNA transfection, and yellow-green fluorescence is observed at 560 nm.

Cbz-Lys-Lys-PABA-AMC diTFA is a fluorogenic peptide [1].

Calpain-1 substrate, fluorogenic, is a sensitive and specific substrate for calpain-1 that cleaves the Tyr-Gly bond, resulting in enhanced fluorescence [1] (Ex/Em = 490 nm/518 nm).

Myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide, a selective substrate for protein kinase C (PKC) over protein kinase A (PKA), casein kinase 1 (CK1), CK2, phosphorylase kinase, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII), is utilized to track PKC activity in primary human renal artery smooth muscle cells.

Mca-KPLGL-Dap(Dnp)-AR-NH2 serves as a fluorogenic substrate specifically designed for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This compound facilitates the quantification of MMP activity by releasing 7-methoxycoumarin-4-acetyl (Mca) upon enzymatic cleavage by MMPs, which exhibits fluorescence with excitation and emission maxima at 328 nm and 420 nm, respectively.

Z-Ala-Arg-Arg-AMC (Fluorogenic Proteasome Substrate) is a fluorogenic substrate utilized to assay trypsin-like activity within the proteasome [1].

Naphthalene-1,2-dicarbaldehyde functions as a fluorescent dye [1].

Endotoxin Substrate (Boc-LGR-pNA) is a chromogenic compound used for quantitative endotoxin assays [1].

Mca-SEVNLDAEFK(Dnp)-NH2 is a fluorogenic substrate featuring a 7-methoxycoumarin moiety whose fluorescence is quenched by the adjacent 2,4-dinitrophenyl group through resonance energy transfer. This compound serves as a probe for assessing peptidase activity; enzymatic cleavage of the amide bond separating the fluorophore and quencher results in increased fluorescence. It is particularly useful for quantifying the activity of BACE-1 [1].

QTZ, a coelenterazine analog with a 4-quinolinyl substitution at the C8 position of the imidazopyrazinone core [1], serves as a bioluminescence agent for in vivo imaging. This compound features red-shifted emission and produces minimal background interference.

Suc-Ala-Ala-Phe-AMC, a fluorogenic chymotrypsin substrate hydrolyzable by endopeptidase, has applications in vivo for assaying the acrosome reaction and in vitro for enzyme assays [1] [2] [3].

Mca-YVADAP-Lys(Dnp)-OH TFA is a fluorogenic substrate specifically used for caspase-1 and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) [1].

Boc-QAR-pNA, a chromogenic substrate for trypsin, facilitates the testing of trypsin activity [1] [2].

AAA-pNA, a chromogenic substrate of Tripeptidyl-peptidase II, can be utilized to assess Tripeptidyl-peptidase II activity [1].