staphylococcus aureus

α-Hemolysin (Staphylococcus aureus), a polypeptide virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus, disrupts host cell plasma membranes. Upon binding to the cell surface, its monomers create a homoheptamic prepore, which evolves into a mature transmembrane pore, facilitating K+ and Ca2+ ion transport that induces necrotic death in target cells [1].

Micronomicin sulfate (Gentamicin C2b sulfate) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with antimicrobial activity that inhibits neuraminidase N1 of influenza A virus.

Cyclo-L-Trp-L-Trp is a broad-spectrum antifungal. It also induces a high degree of acetylation of histones.

DFTamP1 is an antimicrobial peptide that exhibits activity against Staphylococcus aureus USA300, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.1 μM [1].

Lynronne-3, an antimicrobial peptide, demonstrates activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 32-128 μg mL for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Additionally, Lynronne-3 is efficacious in combating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections [1].

Beta-defensin 1, pig, is an antimicrobial peptide predominantly located in the tongue mucosa of pigs. It exhibits activity against a variety of bacteria including Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bordetella pertussis, and the fungus Candida albicans [1] [2].

Crabrolin is a 13-peptide that can be extracted from the venom of the European hornet (Vespa crabro). Its minimum inhibitory concentration minimum bactericidal concentration (MIC MBC) values against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (NCTC 10788), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (NCTC 12493), and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) (NTCC 12697) are 2 2, 16 64, and 4 8 μM, respectively.

Brevinin-1PMa is a host-defense peptide with antimicrobial properties effective against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and exhibits demonstrated hemolytic activity [1].

Elafin, also referred to as elafin-specific inhibitor (ESI) or skin anti-leucoprotease (SKALP), is a protein that serves as a low molecular weight inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and proteinase 3, particularly in the lung. Additionally, Elafin exhibits antibacterial properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus [1] [2] [3].

Autoinducing Peptide I, a cyclic octapeptide produced by Staphylococcus aureus, has applications in vaccine research [1].

Bombinin-BO1, an antimicrobial peptide from the skin secretions of the Bombina orientalis toad, exhibits activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 64, 64, and 128 mg L, respectively [1].

Quinupristin is a streptogramin antibiotic. Streptogramins, a class of antibiotics, is effective in the treatment of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, which are two of the most rapidly growing strains of mul

SYNV-cyclo(CGGYF), a C5 autoinducing peptide from Staphylococcus hominis (S. hominis), demonstrates inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) activity. This compound shows promise in research focused on addressing S. aureus-mediated epithelial damage and inflammation [1].

Aurein 2.2, a principal constituent of L.aurea skin secretions, exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis [1] [2].

K4 peptide exhibits potent antimicrobial properties, effectively targeting both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, particularly pathogenic strains like Staphylococcus aureus and Marine Vibrio species [1].

Maculatin 1.1 TFA, an antimicrobial peptide, exhibits a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 7 μM against Staphylococcus aureus and induces bacterial mortality by perforating the organism's membrane [1].

Im5, an antimicrobial peptide, exhibits antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 10 μM for E. coli, 2.5-5 μM for S. aureus, and 0.5-1 μM for B. subtilis, as well as hemolytic activity with an effective concentration (EC50) of 28 μM [1].

Human β-defensin-2 (HβD-2) is a cationic skin-antimicrobial peptide (SAP) characterized by its small size and rich cysteine content. Produced by various epithelial cells, it exhibits potent antimicrobial properties against gram-negative bacteria and Candida but is not effective against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Given these characteristics, Human β-defensin-2 serves as a valuable tool in colitis research.

Lysobactin, also known as katanosin B, is an effective antibiotic with in vivo efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. It was previously shown to inhibit peptidoglycan (PG) biosynthesis.

Bacterial Substrate III, Abz/DNP TFA is an internally quenched fluorescent peptide substrate. Staphylococcus aureus transpeptidase sortase A (SrtA) reacts with its native substrate Bacterial Sortase Substrate III, Abz/DNP, cleaving it and catalyzing the f

PSMα3 TFA is a peptide used to direct dendritic cells (DCs) towards a tolerogenic state, critical for DC vaccination approaches. It modulates human monocyte-derived DCs by disrupting maturation induced by TLR2 or TLR4, suppressing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion, and reducing antigen assimilation. Notably, PSMα3 TFA is a significant toxin secreted by highly virulent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains [1] [2].

Garvicin KS (GarKS) is a bacteriocin comprising a 34-amino-acid peptide, GakB, along with two additional peptides, GakA and GakC. GakB specifically impairs fibroblast viability and proliferation. When combined with GakA, GarKS demonstrates enhanced peptide stability, antimicrobial activity, and notable impacts on fibroblast viability and proliferation. Regarding methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values rank the peptides in descending order of effectiveness as GakB, followed by GakC, and then GakA [1].

Des(8-14)brevinin-1PMa is a host-defense peptide with potent antimicrobial properties, especially against Staphylococcus aureus and Echerichia coli, and also demonstrates hemolytic activity [1].

SYNV-cyclo(CGGYF) TFA, a C5 autoinducing peptide derived from Staphylococcus hominis (S. hominis), demonstrates inhibition of S. aureus activity, holding potential for research into S. aureus-mediated epithelial damage and inflammation [1].