serine proteases

Proteinase K (Protease K) is a non-specific serine protease that can tolerate changes in SDS, urea, pH (4-12), salt concentration, and temperature. Proteinase K hydrolyzes a wide range of peptide bonds and is used for protein digestion.

Evolocumab is an inhibitor of the humanized monoclonal antibody PCSK9. It binds to circulating PCSK9 protein, resulting in inhibition of PCSK9 binding to LDLR. It can be used in studies of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

AEBSF hydrochloride (Pefabloc SC) is an irreversible inhibitor of serine proteases, such as chymotrypsin, kallikrein, thrombin, plasmin, and trypsin.

Bradykinin is an inflammatory mediator. It is a peptide that causes blood vessels to dilate (enlarge) via the release of prostacyclin, nitric oxide, and Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor. Bradykinin is a physiologically and pharmacologically active peptide of the kinin group of proteins, consisting of nine amino acids.

R-IMPP is an inhibitor of PCSK9 translation. R-IMPP stimulates uptake of LDL-C in hepatoma cells by increasing LDL-R levels, without altering levels of secreted transferrin.

Pinostrobin, a potent flavonoid inducer, exerts a neuroprotective effect against Aα²(25-35)-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, at least in part, via inhibiting oxidative damage and calcium overload, as well as suppressing the mitochondrial pathway of ce

Aprotinin (Traskolan) is a broad-spectrum serine protease (BPTI) inhibitor that inhibits the activity of a number of different esterases and proteases. Aprotinin is an antifibrinolytic agent used to minimize hemorrhage during complex surgical procedures.

Camostat mesylate (FOY-S980) is a trypsin-like protease inhibitor and inhibits airway epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) function.

Nafamostat mesylate (FUT-175), a synthetic serine protease inhibitor, has been used for the treatment of allergic disorders such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis.

SBC-115076 is a potent extracellular proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) antagonist.

Benzamidine hydrochloride (Benzamidine HCl) is a reversible inhibitor of serine proteases, including trypsin, plasmin, and thrombin (Ki of 35, 350, and 220 μM, respectively).

Complement C1s-IN-1 is a potent and selective inhibitor of complement C1s with the advantage of being orally available and brain penetrable, significantly inhibiting human serum-induced formation of membrane attack complexes in a dose-dependent manner and effectively blocking the classical complement pathway

Talabostat (PT100, Val-boroPro) is a potent, nonselective and orally available dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with a Ki of 0.18 nM. Talabostat is a nonselective DPP-IV inhibitor, inhibiting DPP8 9, FAP, DPP2 and some other DASH family enzymes essentially as potently as it inhibits DPP-IV[1]. Talabostat stimulates the immune system by triggering a proinflammatory form of cell death in monocytes and macrophages known as pyroptosis. The inhibition of two serine proteases, DPP8 and DPP9, activates the proprotein form of caspase-1 independent of the inflammasome adaptor ASC[2]. Talabostat competitively inhibits the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) activity of FAP and CD26 DPP-IV, and there is a high-affinity interaction with the catalytic site due to the formation of a complex between Ser630 624 and the boron of talabostat[3]. Talabostat can stimulate immune responses against tumors involving both the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system. In WEHI 164 fibrosarcoma and EL4 and A20 2J lymphoma models, PT-100 causes regression and rejection of tumors. The antitumor effect appears to involve tumor-specific CTL and protective immunological memory. Talabostat treatment of WEHI 164-inoculated mice increases mRNA expression of cytokines and chemokines known to promote T-cell priming and chemoattraction of T cells and innate effector cells[3]. Talabostat treated mice show significant less fibrosis and FAP expression is reduced. Upon PT100 treatment, significant differences in the MMP-12, MIP-1α, and MCP-3 mRNA expression levels in the lungs are also observed. Treatment with PT100 in this murine model of pulmonary fibrosis has an anti-fibro-proliferative effect and increases macrophage activation[4]. [1]. Connolly BA, et al. Dipeptide boronic acid inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV: determinants of potencyand in vivo efficacy and safety. J Med Chem. 2008 Oct 9;51(19):6005-13. [2]. Okondo MC, et al. DPP8 and DPP9 inhibition induces pro-caspase-1-dependent monocyte and macrophage pyroptosis. Nat Chem Biol. 2017 Jan;13(1):46-53. [3]. Adams S, et al. PT-100, a small molecule dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor, has potent antitumor effects and augments antibody-mediated cytotoxicity via a novel immune mechanism. Cancer Res. 2004 Aug 1;64(15):5471-80. [4]. Egger C, et al. Effects of the fibroblast activation protein inhibitor, PT100, in a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2017 Aug 15;809:64-72.

Demethylwedelolactone is a natural product isolated from Eclipta alba, has trypsin inhibitory effect an IC50 of 3.0 μM. it exerts anti-invasive growth effect on breast cancer cells.

Cetraxate hydrochloride (DV10062) is an oral gastrointestinal medication. It has a cytoprotective effect.

BioE-1115 is a selective and potent inhibitor of serine-threonine protein kinase (PASK, IC50 = 4 nM). BioE-1115 is a potent inhibitor of CK2α (IC50 = 10 μM).

IPR-803 is an effective inhibitor of the uPAR·uPA protein-protein interaction (PPI) with anti-tumor activity. IPR-803 binds directly to uPAR with a Ki of 0.2 μM.

LSP-249 is a plasma kallikrein inhibitor under the study for angioedema, with an EC50 less than 100 nM in cell.

Upamostat is an inhibitor of a serine protease and is a urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) inhibitor.

ZK824190 is an orally available and selective inhibitor of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), with IC50 values of 237 nM for uPA, 1600 nM for tPA, and 1850 nM for Plasmin.

Avoralstat (BCX4161) is an oral plasma kallikrein (PKK) inhibitor. Which is used for the treatment of hereditary angioedema.

BI-1230 is a potent inhibitor of HCV NS3 protease, exhibiting efficacy in the low nanomolar range, and notably suppresses viral replication. This compound demonstrates high selectivity, distinguishing effectively between other serine cysteine proteases. Additionally, BI-1230 exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) properties[1].

Upamostat, also known as Mesupron and WX-671, is an orally bioavailable second-generation serine protease inhibitor prodrug derived from 3-amidinophenylalanine. It targets the human urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) system and exhibits potential antineoplastic and antimetastatic properties. After oral administration, the serine protease inhibitor WX-671 is converted into its active form, Nα-(2,4,6-triisopropylphenylsulfonyl)-3-amidinophenylalanine-4-ethoxycarbonylpiperazinylamide (WX-UK1), which inhibits multiple serine proteases, especially uPA, potentially hindering tumor growth and metastasis.

MASP-2-IN-1 (Compound 77) is an inhibitor of mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MASP), specifically targeting MASP2 and MASP3, with IC50 values of 11.4 nM and 13.2 µM, respectively. It shows weak inhibitory activity on hERG with an IC50 of 175 µM. This compound exhibits poor stability in mouse plasma, with a half-life of 4.4 hours.