radical-scavenging

Amifostine (Ethyol) anhydrous is a cytoprotective agent, acts as a free radical scavenging activity.

AFMK (Formyl-N-acetyl-5-methoxykynurenamine) is an active metabolite of Melatonin with antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity. AFMK is a modulator of apoptosis and improves the anti-tumor effect of Gemcitabine in PANC-1 cells.

Gallic acid (Benzoic acid) is found in almost all plants. Plants known for their high gallic acid content include gallnuts,grapes,tea,hops and oak bark.

Azelaic acid (Anchoic acid) is a component of hair and skin conditioners and is produced by the ozonolysis of oleic acid. Azelaic acid has bacteriostatic activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis by inhibiting protoprotein synthesis in microbial cells. Azelaic acid also has the ability to inhibit pigmentation due to its free radical scavenging action.

DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) is a cell-permeable, stable free radical commonly used to evaluate the free radical scavenging ability, hydrogen donation capacity of compounds, and to measure the antioxidant activity of tissue extracts.

Erdosteine (RV 144) is a homocysteine-derived thiol derivative with mucolytic and free radical scavenging properties. Erdosteine and its metabolites modulate mucus production and viscosity, by which facilitating mucociliary transport and improving expectoration. This agent also suppresses the chemical-induced cough reflex as well as protects lung tissues from damages caused by cigarette smoking mediated through free radicals scavenging.

N,N'-Dimethylthiourea (DMTU) (DMTU), isolated from Allii Sativi Bulbus, is an orally active scavenger of hydroxyl radical ( OH) and blocks OH production by activated neutrophils in vitro. N,N'-Dimethylthiourea protects against water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS)-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats by exerting its antioxidant action including OH scavenging and anti-inflammatory action [1][2] .

Gallic Acid Monohydrate (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid Monohydrate) is a hydrate of Gallic Acid, a natural polyhydroxyphenol, which inhibits the free radical scavenging effect of COX-2, and possesses a variety of physiological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antibacterial.

Echinacoside is a natural polyphenolic compound with various kinds of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, nitric oxide radical-scavenging and vasodilative ones.

Loganin (Loganoside), an iridoid glucoside, has been reported to be an inhibitor of Cox-1 and also noted to suppress TNF-α formation. This compound also has displayed potent free-radical-scavenging activity and inhibitory effects on melanogenesis.

Cimifugin (Cimitin) inhibits NO production induced by lipopolysaccharide in macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and for 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free-radical scavenging activity in cell-free bioassay system.

(-)-Gallocatechin ((−)-GC) has free radical scavenging ability and moderate affinity to the human cannabinoid receptor.

(+)-Gallocatechin (Gallocatechol) possesses free radical scavenging ability. (+)-Gallocatechin has moderate affinity to the human cannabinoid receptor.

Isomangiferin has an antiviral effect, may due to their capability of inhibiting virus replication within cells. It also has antioxidant and radical-scavenging activities.

1. Thonningianin A has anti-cancer activities.2. Thonningianin A represents a new potent glutathione S-transferase in vitro inhibitor.3. Thonningianin A has antioxidant property, involves radical scavenging, anti-superoxide formation and metal chelation.

1. Loganic acid (Loganate) and geniposide exhibit both sides effect on superoxide generation.

Chrysoeriol has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, and free radical scavenging activities, it also shows selective bronchodilator effect.

Okanin shows significant activities on both linoleic acid peroxidation inhibition and DPPH radical scavenging effect.

RV01 is a novel quinoline-substituted analogue of resveratrol that inhibits DNA damage, reduces ethanol-induced acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) mRNA expression, and has hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. rV01 reduces iNOS expression and has anti-neuroinflammatory effects. rV01 reduces tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA levels and secretion. RV01 reduced tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA levels and secretion, inhibited lps-induced ROS production and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation, decreased toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein expression, and inhibited lps-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear transcription factor-кB (NF-кB) signaling pathways.

Tyrosinase-IN-12(Non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor) is a potent non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 49.33 ± 2.64 µM and a Ki of 31.25 ± 0.25 µM. Tyrosinase-IN-12 has significant antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity (IC50:25.39 ± 0.77 µM), reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Tyrosinase inhibitor (Tyrosinase-IN-12) has significant antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity and reduces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (IC50:25.39 ± 0.77 µM).Tyrosinase-IN-12 can be used for the study of browning of substances in food and fruits.

15-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor 1 is a selective inhibitor of 15-lipoxygenase, with an IC50 of 18 μM. 4-MMPB (15-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor 1) has IC50s of 19.5 μM and 19.1 μM for soybean 15-lipoxygenase (SLO) and human 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1), respectively. 4-MMPB has potential for the research of prostate cancer.

Caulophylline B, an alkaloid extracted from the roots of Caulophyllum robustum Maxim, affords a low scavenging effect against DPPH radical.

γ-Glutamyl-S-1-propenyl cysteine is a compound obtained from garlic with strong free radical scavenging activity.

Todralazine hydrochloride (Ecarazine hydrochloride) is a β2AR blocker with antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties, making it suitable for anti-hypertensive research.