radical-scavenging

1. Aloenin (Aloenin A) and aloe-emodin are active principles for inhibition of c-ADH and c-ALDH activities in vitro.

Rhodiosin is a compound with antioxidant activity.

N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid is a derivative of aspartic acid, synthesized in neurons from the amino acid aspartic acid and acetyl coenzyme A. N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid has antioxidant activity.

Amifostine (Ethyol) anhydrous is a cytoprotective agent, acts as a free radical scavenging activity.

AFMK (Formyl-N-acetyl-5-methoxykynurenamine) is a natural product and an apoptosis modulator with antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. This compound enhances the antitumor effect of gemcitabine in PANC-1 cells and attenuates X-ray-induced oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids.

Gallic acid (Benzoic acid) is found in almost all plants. Plants known for their high gallic acid content include gallnuts,grapes,tea,hops and oak bark.

Azelaic acid (Anchoic acid) is a component of hair and skin conditioners and is produced by the ozonolysis of oleic acid. Azelaic acid has bacteriostatic activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis by inhibiting protoprotein synthesis in microbial cells. Azelaic acid also has the ability to inhibit pigmentation due to its free radical scavenging action.

DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) is a cell-permeable, stable free radical commonly used to evaluate the free radical scavenging ability, hydrogen donation capacity of compounds, and to measure the antioxidant activity of tissue extracts.

Erdosteine (RV 144) is a homocysteine-derived thiol derivative with mucolytic and free radical scavenging properties. Erdosteine and its metabolites modulate mucus production and viscosity, by which facilitating mucociliary transport and improving expectoration. This agent also suppresses the chemical-induced cough reflex as well as protects lung tissues from damages caused by cigarette smoking mediated through free radicals scavenging.

N,N'-Dimethylthiourea (DMTU) (DMTU), isolated from Allii Sativi Bulbus, is an orally active scavenger of hydroxyl radical ( OH) and blocks OH production by activated neutrophils in vitro. N,N'-Dimethylthiourea protects against water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS)-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats by exerting its antioxidant action including OH scavenging and anti-inflammatory action [1][2] .

Gallic Acid Monohydrate (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid Monohydrate) is a hydrate of Gallic Acid, a natural polyhydroxyphenol, which inhibits the free radical scavenging effect of COX-2, and possesses a variety of physiological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antibacterial.

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a natural product, extracted from Pole Fork Kelaroa, and is a lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor (IC50=8 μM). Nordihydroguaiaretic acid possesses antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties.

D-Isofloridoside, a polysaccharide precursor, exhibits free radical scavenging activity and inhibits both ROS expression and the enzymes MMP-2 and MMP-9.

Pyrocatechol, often known as catechol or benzene-1,2-diol, is a benzenediol, Pyrocatechol was produced at a large scale industrially, mainly as precursors to pesticides, flavors, and fragrances. Its sulfonic acid is often present in the urine of many mammals.

Tyrosinase-IN-12(Non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor) is a potent non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 49.33 ± 2.64 µM and a Ki of 31.25 ± 0.25 µM. Tyrosinase-IN-12 has significant antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity (IC50:25.39 ± 0.77 µM), reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Tyrosinase inhibitor (Tyrosinase-IN-12) has significant antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity and reduces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (IC50:25.39 ± 0.77 µM).Tyrosinase-IN-12 can be used for the study of browning of substances in food and fruits.

Tropolone, a metal chelator, possesses weak antioxidative and radical-scavenging properties and shows a strong affinity for ferric ion

Butyrolactone II (A9) exhibits DPPH radical scavenging activity with an EC50 value of 42.05 μM, superior to the positive control BHT. Butyrolactone II (A9) demonstrates neuroprotective activity in Caenorhabditis elegans CL2355 by alleviating Aβ-induced chemotaxis disorder, prolonging lifespan, and reducing 5-HT sensitivity, and is utilized in neurodegeneration research focused on oxidative stress mitigation, amyloid-associated functional impairment, and behavioral phenotype modulation in nematode models.

Diplacone (DP) is a geranylated flavonoid compound that is naturally found in the fruit of Paulownia tomentosa. Diplacone possesses anti-inflammatory and free radical-scavenging (anti-radical) activity. Diplacone has been investigated for its potential anticancer activity, particularly in studies involving A549 human lung cancer cells, where it demonstrated inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth and survival.

5,6,7-Trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone is an antioxidant natural product exhibiting an IC₅₀ of 25.29 μM in DPPH radical scavenging activity assays on PC12 cells.

RV01 is a novel quinoline-substituted analogue of resveratrol that inhibits DNA damage, reduces ethanol-induced acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) mRNA expression, and has hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. rV01 reduces iNOS expression and has anti-neuroinflammatory effects. rV01 reduces tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA levels and secretion. RV01 reduced tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA levels and secretion, inhibited lps-induced ROS production and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation, decreased toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein expression, and inhibited lps-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear transcription factor-кB (NF-кB) signaling pathways.

Caulophylline B, an alkaloid extracted from the roots of Caulophyllum robustum Maxim, affords a low scavenging effect against DPPH radical.

γ-Glutamyl-S-1-propenyl cysteine is a compound obtained from garlic with strong free radical scavenging activity.

OBA-09 (2-oxopropanoyloxy benzoic acid) is a novel multimodal neuroprotectant synthesized as a hybrid of salicylic acid and pyruvate. Designed to synergize the anti-inflammatory properties of salicylic acid with the metabolic support and antioxidant capacity of pyruvate, OBA-09 combats ischemic brain injury effectively. It exhibits potent radical scavenging activity against superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, it attenuates post-ischemic inflammation by inhibiting the NF-kB signaling pathway and the release of HMGB1. In stroke models, OBA-09 significantly reduces infarct volume and improves neurological scores.

Todralazine hydrochloride (Ecarazine hydrochloride) is a β2AR blocker with antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties, making it suitable for anti-hypertensive research.