protein synthesis

Blasticidin S HCl is a natural product and an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Blasticidin S HCl is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that can inhibit the cell growth of prokaryotes, fungi, plants and mammalian cells.

Erythromycin (E-Mycin) is a Macrolide and Macrolide Antimicrobial. The physiologic effect of erythromycin is by means of Decreased Sebaceous Gland Activity.

Eurycomalactone is a natural product isolated from Eurycoma longifolia Jack., acts as a potent NF-κB inhibitor( IC50 of 0.5 μM). Eurycomalactone inhibits protein synthesis, depletes cyclin D1, but does not affect TNFα-induced degradation of IκBα or the phosphorylation of IKKα/β and IκBα.

Hygromycin B (Hygrovetine) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells by interfering with translocation and causing mistranslation by the 70S ribosome. It is commonly used for the selection of cells transfected with the hph or hyg resistance gene.

Cycloheximide (Naramycin A) is a natural product . Cycloheximide‘s IC50 values for protein synthesis and RNA synthesis in vivo are 532.5 nM and 2880 nM, respectively. Cycloheximide inhibits ferroptosis and autophagy and is an antifungal antibiotic.

Puromycin dihydrochloride (CL13900 dihydrochloride) is a cinnamamide adenosine antibiotic and an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Puromycin dihydrochloride inhibits protein synthesis by binding to RNA and has antitumor and antitrypanosomal activity.

G-418 disulfate (Geneticin sulfate) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that selectively inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis by blocking peptide chain elongation.

Streptomycin sulfate (Phytomycin) is a sulfate salt of streptomycin that is a protein synthesis inhibitor.

Adenine is a purine-derived nucleobase and one of the four bases of DNA. It is an important chemical component of both DNA and RNA, involved in cellular respiration, the formation of ATP and coenzymes NAD and FAD, as well as protein synthesis. Adenine is commonly used to induce chronic kidney injury models.

Cholesterol is the primary sterol in mammals, accounting for approximately 20–25% of the plasma membrane structure. It plays a key role in regulating membrane fluidity, permeability, and protein function. As an endogenous agonist of estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), cholesterol is widely involved in metabolic regulation and serves as a precursor for the synthesis of hormones and bile acids. It is commonly used in experimental models of hyperlipidemia.

Kanamycin sulfate (Kanamycin monosulfate) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that interferes with protein synthesis by binding to the 70S ribosomal subunit of bacteria. Kanamycin sulfate exhibits antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as mycoplasmas.

Oxytetracycline (Terramycin) is a TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES rimosus and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.

Tetracycline hydrochloride (NCI-c55561) is the hydrochloride salt of the tetracycline, a broad-spectrum naphthacene antibiotic produced semisynthetically from chlortetracycline, an antibiotic isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces aureofaciens. In bacteria, tetracycline blocks binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis and bacterial cell growth. Because naturally, fluorescing tetracycline binds to a newly formed bone at the bone/osteoid interface, tetracycline-labeling of bone and fluorescence microscopy may be used to perform bone histomorphometry.

Neomycin sulfate (Framycin sulfate) is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic that blocks the synthesis of bacterial proteins in order to exert antimicrobial activity. Neomycin sulfate is commonly used to screen prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells for Neo resistance genes.

Cyanocobalamin is a cobalt-containing coordination compound generated by intestinal microbes and a natural water-soluble vitamin of the B-complex family that must combine with Intrinsic Factor for absorption by the intestine. Cyanocobalamin is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA, and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. B12 improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. B12 metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) deficiency causes pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and neurologic lesions.

Paromomycin binds specifically to the RNA oligonucleotide at the A site of bacterial 30S ribosomes, thereby causing misreading and premature termination of translation of mRNA and inhibition of protein synthesis followed by cell death. Paromomycin Sulfate (Aminosidine sulfate) is the sulfate salt form of paromomycin, a structural derivative of neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with amebicidal and bactericidal effects against predominantly aerobic gram-negative bacteria.

Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride is a tetracycline with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiprotozoal activity. Chlortetracycline hydrochloride (Isphamycin) is bacteriostatic and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing the addition of amino acids to the growing peptide chain. This tetracycline is active against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, spirochetes, rickettsial species, certain protozoa and Mycoplasma and Chlamydia organisms.

Gentamicin sulfate (SCH9724) is a wide-spectrum, aminoglycoside antibiotic used to inhibit protein synthesis in sensitive organisms.

Capreomycin sulfate (Capastat sulfate) , a cyclic peptide antibiotic, binds to the 70S ribosomal unit leading to inhibition of protein synthesis.

Daunorubicin hydrochloride (Rubidomycin hydrochloride), an anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic, inhibits DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis.

Erythromycin estolate is a semi-synthetic derivative of erythromycin with good oral absorption and bioavailability tolerance. As a macrolide antibiotic, Erythromycin exerts its antibacterial action by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly used in studies for the treatment of respiratory, skin and soft tissue infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Erythromycin estolate may cause liver injury, including mild cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice, and paucity of bile ducts.

Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride (Dalimycin) is a tetracycline derivative produced by Streptomyces rimosus with antimicrobial activity. It interferes with the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex, resulting in preventing peptide elongation and inhibiting protein synthesis.

L-Cysteine (L-(+)-Cysteine) is a non-essential sulfur-containing amino acid in humans. L-Cysteine is important for protein synthesis, detoxification, and diverse metabolic functions. Found in beta-keratin, the main protein in nails, skin, and hair, L-Cysteine is important in collagen production, as well as skin elasticity and texture. Also required in the manufacture of amino acid taurine, L-Cysteine is a component of the antioxidant glutathione, and plays a role in the metabolism of essential biochemicals such as coenzyme A, heparin, and biotin.

L-Cystine (Cystine Acid) is not considered one of the 20 amino acids, L-Cystine (Cystine Acid) is a sulfur-containing derivative obtained from oxidation of cysteine amino acid thiol side chains. It functions as an antioxidant and protects tissues against radiation and pollution, slowing the aging process. It also aids protein synthesis. L-Cystine (Cystine Acid) is abundant in many proteins of skeletal tissues and skin, and found in insulin and digestive enzymes chromotrypsinogen A, papain, and trypsinogen.