properties

1-Dodecylimidazole (N-Dodecylimidazole) is a chemical compound that acts as a cytotoxic agent and lysosomotropic detergent, inducing cell death through acid-dependent lysosomal accumulation, disrupting the lysosomal membrane, and releasing cysteine proteases into the cytoplasm. It also exhibits hypocholesterolemic and broad-spectrum antifungal activities.

Lauroylsarcosine sodium salt(Sarkosyl NL sodium) is an anionic surfactant and detergent with protein denaturing properties commonly used in molecular biology research for purification of membrane proteins, promotion of cell lysis in RNA purification experiments and membrane solubilization, and toxicity to A549 cells after ALIF or SME exposure.

Potassium acetate (Diuretic salt) with antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Oleylamine is a long-chain primary amine with surfactant properties, widely used in industry, soluble in a variety of organic solvents and insoluble in water. cis-1-Amino-9-octadecene can control the morphology of nanoparticles and prevent aggregation and to reduce metal precursors to metal nanoparticles.

Manganese chloride (tetrahydrate), molecular biology grade, ≥99.0% (KT), is an orally active compound capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. It modulates cellular enzyme activities, influencing histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities, thereby impacting gene expression. This compound also exhibits neurotoxic, embryotoxic, and reproductive toxic properties, and is primarily used in research related to neurodegenerative diseases and toxicology studies.

Nonanoic acid Sodiumis a high purity biochemical reagent that can be used in research related to life sciences.

(R)-Naproxen acyl-β-D-glucuronide ((R)-Naproxen-β-D-glucuronide) is a metabolite with anti-inflammatory properties. It serves as a sensitive fluorescent substrate for pre-glutamyl peptidase 1, producing a blue reaction upon cleavage.

L-Proline tert-butyl ester hydrochloride (tert-Butyl L-prolinate hydrochloride) is a bioactive compound renowned for its ability to inhibit the activity of cysteine and tissue proteases, making it extensively used in the research and development of protease inhibitors. Its properties confer significant importance within the biochemical field.

All-trans-3,4-Didehydro retinoic acid (3,4-DHRA) is an active compound that regulates gene expression by binding to retinoic acid receptors (RAR), subsequently activating them. It plays a crucial role in the development and differentiation of the skin, offering potential anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, all-trans-3,4-Didehydro retinoic acid is under investigation for its ability to suppress various diseases, including skin disorders and certain types of cancer.

2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethan-1-ol (Tri(ethylene glycol) monoethyl ether) is an organic solvent with high solubility and coupling properties, which can be used as a chemical synthesis intermediate for the preparation of ester derivatives, and is mainly used as a high-boiling solvent for paints, inks, dyes and resins.

Monoelaidin (1-Monoelaidin) is a compound produced by esterification of one molecule of octadecanoic acid and one molecule of glycerol. It has moisturizing properties and is often added to skin care products.

Pinolenic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid found in Korean pine (Pinus orientalis) and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) seed oils, which exhibit lipid-lowering properties. In transgenic mice expressing human ApoA1, a diet containing maritime pine seed oil (MPSO) reduced high-density lipoprotein and ApoA1 levels and diminished cholesterol efflux in vitro. Korean pine seed oil supplements may aid in reducing obesity by decreasing appetite, as evidenced by increased levels of satiety hormones CCK and GLP-1 and reduced desire to eat. Pinolenic acid, which is not metabolically converted to arachidonic acid, can lower arachidonic acid levels in the phosphatidylinositol fraction of HepG2 cells from 15.9% to 7.0%. The neutral, more lipophilic form of pinolenic acid is pinolenic acid ethyl ester.

Capsaicin, the chemical that imparts the spicy-hot quality of chili peppers, is produced by the fruits of plants belonging to the Capsicum family. 8-methyl Nonanoic acid is an immediate precursor of capsaicin as well as a by-product of capsaicin degradation.[1] Addition of 5 mM of 8-methyl nonanoic acid significantly increases the yield of capsaicin in both immobilized and freely suspended cells of C. frutescens. [2] Capsaicin has reported antimicrobial properties, however isocapric acid can act as a growth substrate in certain bacterial strains.[3]

Octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) is utilized to esterify starch, producing octenyl succinylated starch (OS-starch), a hydrocolloid with amphiphilic properties. This modification by OSA influences the interaction between molecules on the outer surface of starch granules through alterations in molecular structures.

Pseudouridine-5'-triphosphate (Pseudo-UTP) is widely known for its role in polymerase-mediated RNA synthesis, frequently surpassing uridine in unmodified mRNAs due to improved nuclease stability, immunogenicity, and translational properties.

Phospholipid-PEG-Biotin (MW 2000), a biotin-labeled phospholipid PEG derivative, is designed for modifying the surfaces of liposomes, cells, and pancreatic islets intended for cell transplantation. This compound integrates the properties of three distinct components: phospholipids, which are lipids featuring a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails ; PEG, a low-toxicity, water-soluble, hydrophilic polymer; and biotin, an enzyme co-factor utilized in protein labeling [1].

Sophorose, a disaccharide within sophorolipids synthesized by yeast, functions as a biosurfactant owing to its hydrophobic properties. It demonstrates multifaceted biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, spermicidal, virucidal, and anticancer effects. Furthermore, sophorose serves as a potent inducer of cellulase gene expression in Trichoderma reesei during fermentation.

Polysaccharidase (Tremella polysaccharide), a fungal polysaccharide, exhibits immunoenhancing properties and holds potential for research in mitigating chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced leukopenia [1] [2].

BAY-R 1005, a synthetic glycolipid analogue (GLA) with immunoenhancing properties, is designed to modulate antibody synthesis [1].

L-Ascorbic acid 6-stearate, a compound derived from L-ascorbic acid and stearic acid identified in K. coccinea, exhibits antioxidant and anticancer properties. It effectively scavenges DPPH radicals in cell-free assays (IC50 = 3.31 µg ml). Additionally, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) containing L-ascorbic acid 6-stearate have been shown to trigger apoptosis in HL-60 promyeloblasts at a concentration of 190 µM. This compound is also incorporated into cosmetic and personal care product formulations due to its beneficial effects.

13-POHSA (palmitoleic acid esterified to 13-hydroxy stearic acid) is a type of branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), which have recently been discovered as endogenous lipids whose levels are modulated by fasting and high-fat diets, and are linked to insulin sensitivity in mice. Notably, the concentration of 13-POHSA in the serum significantly increases in glucose tolerant AG4OX mice, a model that overexpresses the Glut4 glucose transporter in adipose tissue, suggesting its physiological relevance. Like other FAHFAs, 13-POHSA is believed to enhance glucose tolerance, promote insulin secretion, and exert anti-inflammatory properties, highlighting its potential importance in managing metabolic syndrome and inflammation.

C24-Ceramide, a sphingolipid utilized in the composition of lipid membranes, induces time-dependent modifications in membrane properties and promotes membrane reorganization [1] [2].

2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-D-ribose (Compound 1) serves as a potent inhibitor of Botrytis cinerea chitin synthase (CHS), demonstrating an IC50 of 1.8 μM. This compound also shows antifungal properties, inhibiting the B. cinerea BD90 strain with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 190 μM [1].

5-Methylresorcinol monohydrate (Orcinol monohydrate) serves as a tyrosinase inhibitor and demonstrates cytotoxic properties. Additionally, it is an orally active anxiolytic agent that can cross the blood-brain barrier [1] [2].