porcine

Globotriaosycleramides are glycosphingolipids found in mammalian cell membranes that are synthesized from lactosylceramides . They act as receptors for Shiga and Shiga-like toxins in vitro and in vivo. Globotriaosylceramides accumulate in endothelial cells, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, renal epithelial cells, dorsal ganglia neuronal cells, and myocardial cells in patients with Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme α-galactosidase A. Globotriaosylceramides act as natural resistance factors to HIV infection, interacting with HIV gp120 to prevent its interaction with chemokine co-receptors and subsequent fusion of HIV to host cell membranes. This product contains a mixture of hydroxy and non-hydroxy fatty acid-containing globotriaosylceramides isolated from porcine red blood cells (RBCs).

Neuropeptide Y 13-36 (porcine) is a selective neuropeptide Y2 receptor agonist.

Neuromedin C (porcine) is a bombesin-like neuropeptide obtained from the porcine spinal cord. Neuromedin C (porcine) has contractile activity in the rat uterus. Neuromedin C (porcine) has the potential to study neurological-related diseases.

Mammalian bombesin-like peptide neurotransmitter that is an agonist for the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). GRP has been reported to activate GABAergic interneurons in the amygdala leading to increased GABA release and fear suppression in mice

Elastase from porcine pancreas is a serine protease derived from the porcine pancreas, consisting of 240 amino acid residues. It has the ability to hydrolyze proteins and peptides, can induce emphysema in hamsters, and is commonly used to establish animal models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Acetyl Angiotensinogen (1-14), porcine Acetate is a peptide with the sequence AC-ASP-ARG-VAL-TYR-ILE-HIS-PRO-PHE-HIS-LEU-LEU-VAL-TYR-SER-OH. The protein encoded by the Angiotensinogen gene is known as pre-angiotensinogen or angiotensinogen precursor.

VIP(6-28)(human, rat, porcine, bovine) acetate is an antagonist of the actions of exogenous vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor on cAMP in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG).

Galanin (1-16), mouse, porcine, rat, is a hippocampal galanin receptor agonist (Kd = 3 nM) exhibiting high biological activity on locus coeruleus neurons.

PAMP-12 (human, porcine) acetate (PAMP-12 (human, porcine) acetate (196305-05-2 free base)) , a major component of ir-PAMP, is processed from the AM precursor, as is PAMP-20, and may participate in cardiovascular control.

GRP (porcine) acetate is the gastrin-releasing peptide extracted from porcine pancreata. GRP (porcine) acetate may have a role in the parasympathetic regulation of endocrine and exocrine secretion from the pig pancreas.

Beta-Lipotropin (1-10), porcine Acetate (Beta-Lipotropin ) (beta-LPH) was found to contain within its C-terminal sequence the primary structure of these peptides.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) (6-27) is a PACAP receptor antagonist with IC50 values of 1,500, 600, and 300 nM, respectively, for rat PAC1, rat VPAC1, and human VPAC2 recombinant receptors expressed in CHO cells. It binds to PACAP receptors on SH-SY5Y and SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma and T47D human breast cancer cells (IC50s = 24.5, 106, and 105 nM, respectively) and inhibits cAMP accumulation induced by PACAP (1-38) (Kis = 457, 102, and 283 nM, respectively, in SH-SY5Y, SK-N-MC, and T47D cells). In vivo, in newborn pigs, PACAP (6-27) (10 μM) inhibits vasodilation of pial arterioles induced by PACAP (1-27) and PACAP (1-38) . It also inhibits PACAP (1-27)-stimulated increases in plasma insulin and glucagon levels and pancreatic venous blood flow in dogs when administered locally to the pancreas at a dose of 500 μg.

The big endothelins comprise residues 53-90 (human big ET-1) and 53-91 (porcine big ET-1) of the endothelin precursor (preproendothelin). Compared to the mature endothelin-1 (ET-1), both peptides show less vasoconstrictor activity in vitro, but similar pressor effects in vivo. Former CAS-number 121014-54-8.

This GIP fragment has potent insulinotropic activity in the isolated, perfused rat pancreas but greatly reduced somatostatinotropic activity in the isolated perfused rat stomach. The site responsible for insulinotropic activity apparently lies between residues 19 and 30 of GIP.

GIP (1-30) amide, porcine acetate is an agonist of fully glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor. GIP (1-30) amide, porcine acetate can weakly inhibit gastric acid secretion and strongly stimulate insulin.

GIP (1-30) amide, porcine TFA is a high-affinity full agonist of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor, with potency comparable to native GIP(1-42) [1]. It also exhibits potent insulin-stimulating properties and weakly inhibits gastric acid secretion.

Galanin (2-11) amide is a synthetic peptide fragment of the neuropeptide galanin and an agonist of the galanin-2 (GAL2) receptor (EC50= 9.32 nM in a fluorescence imaging plate reader assay).1It selectively binds to the GAL2receptor (IC50= 1.76 nM for the rat receptor) over the GAL1receptor (IC50= 879 nM for the human receptor) but does also bind to the GAL3receptor (Ki= 271 nM for the rat receptor).1,2Intracerebroventricular administration of galanin (2-11) amide (1 nmol/animal) decreases immobility in the forced swim test in rats.3It also reduces the hind paw mechanical pain threshold and increases the hind paw cold sensitivity threshold in rats.1

Cecropin P1, porcine, is an antibacterial peptide first identified in moths (Hyalophora cecropia) and subsequently found in pig intestines.

Cecropin P1 (porcine acetate) is an antibacterial peptide present in Hyalophora cecropia and the pig intestine.

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (1-28), human, porcine, Biotin-labeled, is one of three mammalian natriuretic peptides (NPs) with endocrine effects on fluid homeostasis and blood pressure, holding promise for cardiovascular disease research.

Proinsulin C-Peptide (31-63), porcine, is a peptide derived from the cleavage of porcine proinsulin, covering amino acid residues 31 to 63.

Atrial natriuretic factor (1-28) from both human and porcine sources is a potent suppressor of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA, exerting only a modest inhibitory effect on βEP-LI release.

Proadrenomedullin (N-20) (ProADM N20) (bovine, porcine) is a peptide known for its strong hypotensive effects and inhibition of catecholamine release from chromaffin cells. It effectively suppresses catecholamine secretion in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells with an IC50 of 350 nM and prevents the desensitization of nicotinic cholinergic agonist-induced catecholamine release and nicotinic signal transduction, with an EC50 of approximately 270 nM for desensitization blockade, as evidenced by inhibited 22 Na+ uptake [1].

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a neuropeptide, plays roles in regulating appetite, vasoconstriction, cardiac contractility, and intestinal secretion, acting as an agonist for NPY receptors Y1, Y2, and Y5. Expressed ubiquitously, NPY modulates cellular responses by selectively inhibiting forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation in L-M(TK-) cells expressing rat Y1 or Y2 and in HEK293 cells expressing rat Y5, more so than in cells expressing rat Y4 receptors (EC50s = 0.15, 2.7, 0.66, and >1,000 nM, respectively). Additionally, it elevates perfusion pressure in isolated guinea pig hearts (EC30 = 1.3 nM) and, when administered intracerebroventricularly at 300 pmol/animal, it notably increases food intake in rats.