phytotoxicity

Simazine (Tafazine) is a chlorotriazine herbicide and pesticide. Simazine may lead to testicular degeneration, neuroendocrine disruption, mammary cancer, and fetal developmental delays.

Tulipalin A (α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone) (2-Methylenebutyrolactone) which has some phytotoxicity is a natural compound extracted from Tulipa gesneriana.

Hydrolyzed Fumonisin B2 (HFB2) is a hydrolysis product of fumonisins (HF) that retains biological activity and exhibits phytotoxicity.

Fludioxonil is employed to manage the growth of axillary buds (suckers) following the topping of tobacco plants. Its mode of action includes a localized systemic effect, contact action, and phytotoxicity.

Dichlormate is an inhibitor of normal carotenoid production in yellowing wheat. It can result in the accumulation of carotenoid precursors in plants. By inhibiting carotenoid synthesis, Dichlormate exhibits phytotoxicity, leading to photodestruction of chlorophyll and chloroplast damage.

Destruxin B2 is a cyclic hexadepsipeptide mycotoxin that has been found in M. anisopliae and has antiviral, insecticidal, and phytotoxic activities.1,2,3 It inhibits secretion of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) by Hep3B cells expressing hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (IC50 = 1.3 μM).1 Destruxin B2 is toxic to Sf9 insect cells in an electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) test with a 50% inhibitory concentration (ECIS50) value of 92 μM.4 It is also phytotoxic to B. napus leaves.3 |1. Yeh, S.F., Pan, W., Ong, G.-T., et al. Study of structure-activity correlation in destruxins, a class of cyclodepsipeptides possessing suppressive effect on the generation of hepatitis B virus surface antigen in human hepatoma cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 229(1), 65-72 (1996).|2. Male, K.B., Tzeng, Y.-M., Montes, J., et al. Probing inhibitory effects of destruxins from Metarhizium anisopliae using insect cell based impedance spectroscopy: Inhibition vs chemical structure. Analyst 134(7), 1447-1452 (2009).|3. Buchwaldt, L., and Green, H. Phytotoxicity of destruxin B and its possible role in the pathogenesis of Alternaria brassicae. Plant Pathol. 41(1), 55-63 (1992).

Usaramine (Mucronatine) demonstrates phytotoxicity against Lactuca sativa var. Carrascoy (lettuce) assessed as inhibition of seed germination at 50 ug/cm2 after 24 hr.

Hyalodendrin ((+)-Hyalodendrin) acts as a fungal growth inhibitor, specifically targeting wood decay fungi. It exhibits low phytotoxicity and possesses an acute toxicity (LD50) level of 75 mg/kg in mice.

Terpestacin, found in Phoma exigua var. heteromorpha, binds to UQCRB to inhibit the production of mitochondrial ROS and HIF-1α. It suppresses tumor angiogenesis in FM3A breast cancer cell xenograft mouse models and possesses both antitumor activity and phytotoxicity.

Regiolone demonstrates phytotoxicity. Regiolone also has anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities, it can induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through the caspase-3 independent pathway.

Isololiolide has phytotoxicity, it inhibited seedling growth of cress and barnyard grass. It also showed in vitro activity against both trypomastigote and intracellular amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, with IC50 values of 32 μM and 40 μM, respectively. I

Zinnol (compound 5), a zinniol-related compound, exhibits phytotoxicity and can be extracted from Alternaria cichorii [1].

Alternapyrone is an α-pyrone compound isolated from fungi, exhibiting phytotoxicity that affects the germination of wheat seeds. Its biosynthesis requires only three enzymes.

Ascochitine is a polyketide-derived secondary metabolite and a selective antifungal agent. It exhibits broad-spectrum phytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity.