pathways

NADPH tetrasodium salt is the reduced form of the electron acceptor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, which acts as an electron donor in a variety of biological reactions. NADPH tetrasodium salt is also an endogenous inhibitor of ferroptosis.

Vacquinol-1 is an MKK4 activator, which rapidly and selectively induces glioma cell death.

Deucravacitinib is a highly selective, orally bioavailable, allosteric TYK2 inhibitor for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. It blocks receptor-mediated Tyk2 activation by stabilizing the regulatory JH2 domain, inhibiting IL-12/23 and type I IFN pathways. It selectively binds to the TYK2 pseudokinase (JH2) domain with an IC50 of 1.0 nM.

Meclinertant (SR 48692) is a small-molecule compound and a neurotensin receptor-1 (NTSR1) antagonist with good selectivity and cell permeability. This compound can be used to study neurotensin signaling pathways and related neurological diseases, and serves as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic probe targeting NTSR1-positive tumors.

Nimbolide, a triterpenoid derived from neem leaves and flowers, is a natural product and a CDK4/CDK6/NF-κB inhibitor that inhibits multiple signaling pathways including Wnt and PI3K-Akt, possesses antitumor activity, and can induce tumor cell apoptosis.

NNK is a nitrosated derivative of nicotine that activates the ERK1/2 and PKCα signaling pathways, induces Bcl2 phosphorylation at Ser70, and activates c-Myc at Thr58 and Ser62, thereby promoting the proliferation and survival of human lung cancer cells, and is commonly used to establish lung cancer mouse models.

SEW 2871 is an orally available, highly selective S1P1 agonist with an EC50 of 13.8 nM.It reduces the number of lymphocytes in the blood and is used in studies related to diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, liver fibrosis, and inflammation. It activates ERK, Akt and Rac signaling pathways and induces S1P1 internalization and recycling.

D-(-)-3-Phosphoglyceric acid disodium (3-Phospho-D-glyceric acid disodium) is an intermediate in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and the biosynthesis of serine, glycine, and threonine, competitively inhibiting yeast enolase. It also functions as an intermediate in biosynthetic pathways in plants, eukaryotes, and prokaryotes.

Atinvicitinib, a selective Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, demonstrates high specificity for Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), consequently inhibiting downstream cytokine signaling pathways that rely on JAK1 enzymatic activity. Atinvicitinib modulates a wide range of cytokines that are implicated in itch responses, allergic reactions, and inflammatory conditions, making it a significant research tool for studying cytokine-mediated immune processes as well as therapeutic modulation of allergic and inflammatory diseases.

3-Deazaneplanocin A HCl is a synthetically derived inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase (EZH2) and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). By regulating epigenetic methylation pathways, 3-deazaneplanocin A induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor cell proliferation, demonstrating significant antitumor activity in various tumor models. 3-deazaneplanocin A HCl can be used in research on epigenetic regulation, tumorigenesis and progression, and stem cell differentiation.

Darizmetinib (HRX215, HRX-0215) is a small-molecule inhibitor and an MKK4-targeted inhibitor with potent, selective, and oral activity. By enhancing MKK7 and JNK1 signaling pathways, activating ATF2 and ELK1, Darizmetinib promotes hepatocyte proliferation and regeneration, used for preventing liver failure after extensive hepatectomy or small-for-size liver transplantation.

5-A-RU (5-Amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil) is an early intermediate in riboflavin biosynthesis and is found in a variety of bacteria and yeast as well as plants. 5-A-RU is also a mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell activator that forms potent MAIT-activating antigens through non-enzymatic reactions with small molecules from other metabolic pathways.

Agomelatine (L(+)-Tartaric acid) is a specific agonist of MT1 and MT2 receptors (Kis: 0.1, 0.06, 0.12, and 0.27 nM for CHO-hMT1, HEK-hMT1, CHO-hMT2, and HEK-hMT2), and Agomelatine (S-20098). L(+)-Tartaric acid also functions as a selective 5-HT2C receptor antagonist (pKis: 6.4 and 6.2 at native porcine and cloned human 5-HT2C receptors), actively supporting research into melatonergic signaling pathways, receptor-mediated regulation, and novel psychiatric therapeutics by enabling precise modulation of circadian and serotonergic systems in cellular models to improve neuropharmacological understanding and experimental reproducibility across neuroscientific and clinical translational studies.

CHPG sodium salt is a selective agonist of mGluR5 that activates ERK and Akt signaling pathways and is utilized in studies on traumatic brain injury.

Cot inhibitor-1 is a selective inhibitor of Cot protein kinase (also known as Tpl2 or MAP3K8) (IC50 at 28 nM). Cot inhibitor-1 inhibited TNF-alpha production in human whole blood with IC50 of 5.7 nM. Cot is involved in a variety of cellular signaling pathways, particularly those involved in inflammation and immune responses. Cot inactivate-1 inhibits Cot activity and may have potential therapeutic effects on rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and some types of cancer.

Y1 receptor antagonist 1 FA (221697-09-2 Free base) is a highly selective neuropeptide Y1 receptor antagonist that inhibits downstream G protein-coupled signaling pathways by competitively blocking the binding of NPY to the Y1 receptor. Y1 receptor antagonist 1 FA (221697-09-2 Free base) promotes trabecular bone formation and has the potential to regulate bone mineral density (BMD) and bone formation. In animal models, Y1 receptor antagonist 1 FA (221697-09-2 Free base) reduces food intake, body weight, and fat accumulation, making it useful for obesity research.

RAS GTPase inhibitor 1 Free Base is a highly potent RAS GTPase inhibitor with antitumor activity. RAS GTPase inhibitor 1 Free Base directly modulates RAS signaling, inhibiting RAS signaling pathways and tumor cell growth.

RTC-5 (TRC-382) is a phenothiazine compound that has been specifically enhanced for its potent anti-cancer properties. It exhibits considerable effectiveness against an EGFR-driven cancer xenograft model. The mechanism behind its efficacy can be attributed to the simultaneous inhibition of PI3K-AKT and RAS-ERK signaling pathways.

Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is a synthetic immunoreactive peptide, consisting of N-acetyl muramic acid attached to a short amino acid chain of L-Ala-D-isoGln. It indirectly decreases osteoclast differentiation by reducing the RANKL/OPG ratio and directly increases osteoblast differentiation by up-regulating Runx2 gene expression through MAPK pathways, thereby inducing bone formation via Runx2.

R1498 is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 2. It also acts by targeting angiogenesis and mitosis pathways. It is well-tolerated and orally active for hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric cancer treatment.

ASM-024, a potent nicotinic receptor agonist, is a small molecule synthetic piperazine compound that promotes different targets and signaling pathways of β2-adrenergic receptors mediating smooth muscle relaxation, and is a potential compound for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis with anti-inflammatory activity.

RAPTA-C induces EAC cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via the mitochondrial and p53-JNK pathways, and can be used in the study of breast and ovarian cancer.

Viloxazine (Viloxazin) (Viloxazin) is a dual-action compound that functions as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and exhibits potent agonistic activity towards 5-HT 2C receptors while acting as an antagonist for 5-HT 2B receptors, with respective potency values of EC 50 = 32 μM and IC 50 = 27 μM. Its primary mechanism of action involves the modulation of serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways. Viloxazine is commonly employed in depression research [1] [2].

USP15-IN-1 is a potent USP15 inhibitor (IC50 is 3.76 μM) with high antiproliferative activity against non-small cell lung cancer and leukemia cells. As an interacting protein of cGAS, USP15 promotes cGAS to recognize DNA and activate downstream signaling pathways.