pathways

NADPH tetrasodium salt is the reduced form of the electron acceptor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, which acts as an electron donor in a variety of biological reactions. NADPH tetrasodium salt is also an endogenous inhibitor of ferroptosis.

SEW 2871 is an orally available, highly selective S1P1 agonist with an EC50 of 13.8 nM.It reduces the number of lymphocytes in the blood and is used in studies related to diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, liver fibrosis, and inflammation. It activates ERK, Akt and Rac signaling pathways and induces S1P1 internalization and recycling.

SAH (SAH (S-Adenosylhomocysteine)) is an inhibitor for the METTL3-METTL14 heterodimer complex (METTL3-14, IC50: 0.9 μM).

Deucravacitinib (BMS-986165) is a highly selective, orally bioavailable, allosteric TYK2 inhibitor for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. It blocks receptor-mediated Tyk2 activation by stabilizing the regulatory JH2 domain, inhibiting IL-12 23 and type I IFN pathways. It selectively binds to the TYK2 pseudokinase (JH2) domain with an IC50 of 1.0 nM.

D-(-)-3-Phosphoglyceric acid disodium (3-Phospho-D-glyceric acid disodium) is an intermediate in glycolysis gluconeogenesis and the biosynthesis of serine, glycine, and threonine, competitively inhibiting yeast enolase. It also functions as an intermediate in biosynthetic pathways in plants, eukaryotes, and prokaryotes.

Nimbolide suppresses CDK4 CDK6 kinase activity. Nimbolide inhibits the NF-κB, Wnt, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. Nimbolide causes apoptosis through the inactivation of NF-κB. Nimbolide is a triterpene derived from the leaves and flowers

Darizmetinib (HRX215, HRX-0215) is an MKK4 inhibitor. Inhibition of MKK4 leads to enhancement of the MKK7 and JNK1 signaling pathways, thereby activating the transcription factors ATF2 and ELK1, promoting cell proliferation and liver regeneration.

R1498 is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 2. It also acts by targeting angiogenesis and mitosis pathways. It is well-tolerated and orally active for hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric cancer treatment.

Feeblin(IRF5-IN-1) is a protein degradation inducer that specifically blocks pro-inflammatory signaling pathways associated with autoimmune diseases and can be used to study immune system disorders in the class of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Viloxazine (Viloxazin) (Viloxazin) is a dual-action compound that functions as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and exhibits potent agonistic activity towards 5-HT 2C receptors while acting as an antagonist for 5-HT 2B receptors, with respective potency values of EC 50 = 32 μM and IC 50 = 27 μM. Its primary mechanism of action involves the modulation of serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways. Viloxazine is commonly employed in depression research [1] [2].

(-)-Anonaine can be extracted from several species of Magnoliaceae and Annelidae and has antimalarial, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, antidepressant and vasodilatory activities. (-)-Anonaine induces apoptosis in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells, induces DNA damage and inhibits the growth and migration of human lung cancer h1299 cells through Bax and caspase-dependent pathways.

5-A-RU (5-Amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil) is an early intermediate in riboflavin biosynthesis and is found in a variety of bacteria and yeast as well as plants. 5-A-RU is also a mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell activator that forms potent MAIT-activating antigens through non-enzymatic reactions with small molecules from other metabolic pathways.

Vacquinol-1 is an MKK4 activator, which rapidly and selectively induces glioma cell death.

Cot inhibitor-1 is a selective inhibitor of Cot protein kinase (also known as Tpl2 or MAP3K8) (IC50 at 28 nM). Cot inhibitor-1 inhibited TNF-alpha production in human whole blood with IC50 of 5.7 nM. Cot is involved in a variety of cellular signaling pathways, particularly those involved in inflammation and immune responses. Cot inactivate-1 inhibits Cot activity and may have potential therapeutic effects on rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and some types of cancer.

CHPG sodium salt is a selective agonist of mGluR5 that activates ERK and Akt signaling pathways and is utilized in studies on traumatic brain injury.

Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is a synthetic immunoreactive peptide, consisting of N-acetyl muramic acid attached to a short amino acid chain of L-Ala-D-isoGln. It indirectly decreases osteoclast differentiation by reducing the RANKL OPG ratio and directly increases osteoblast differentiation by up-regulating Runx2 gene expression through MAPK pathways, thereby inducing bone formation via Runx2.

RTC-5 (TRC-382) is a phenothiazine compound that has been specifically enhanced for its potent anti-cancer properties. It exhibits considerable effectiveness against an EGFR-driven cancer xenograft model. The mechanism behind its efficacy can be attributed to the simultaneous inhibition of PI3K-AKT and RAS-ERK signaling pathways.

USP15-IN-1 is a potent USP15 inhibitor (IC50 is 3.76 μM) with high antiproliferative activity against non-small cell lung cancer and leukemia cells. As an interacting protein of cGAS, USP15 promotes cGAS to recognize DNA and activate downstream signaling pathways.

ASM-024, a potent nicotinic receptor agonist, is a small molecule synthetic piperazine compound that promotes different targets and signaling pathways of β2-adrenergic receptors mediating smooth muscle relaxation, and is a potential compound for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis with anti-inflammatory activity.

RAPTA-C induces EAC cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via the mitochondrial and p53-JNK pathways, and can be used in the study of breast and ovarian cancer.

Acriflavine Hydrochloride (Acriflavine HCl) is a HIF-1α inhibitor. It acts by targeting HIF-1α-mediated pathways and decreasing the level of PGK1, VEGF, and HIF-1α in vitro and in vivo.

NSC-37445 has anti-tumor activity, such as inhibits growth of bladder tumor cells in a nude mice model , prevents the recurrence and progression of non-muscle-invasive urothelial cell carcinoma. NSC-37445 can significantly reduce the expression of CDK1-inhibitory kinases, Myt1 and Wee1, and cause cyclin B1 protein accumulation leading to CDK1 activation in T24 cells. 3. Flavokawain A (Flavokavain A) may exert anti-inflammatory responses by suppressing LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators via blockage of NF-κB-AP-1-JNK p38 MAPK signaling pathways in the murine macrophages.

Emodin (Frangula emodin) is a naturally occurring anthraquinone present in the roots and barks of numerous plants; exerts antiproliferative effects in Y cells that are regulated by different signaling pathways.

Dexamethasone acetate (NSC 39471) is the acetate salt form of Dexamethasone, a synthetic adrenal corticosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory properties. In addition to binding to specific nuclear steroid receptors, dexamethasone also interferes with NF-kB activation and apoptotic pathways. This agent lacks the salt-retaining properties of other related adrenal hormones.